The Canonical Csound Reference Manual
                     
          
            
Version 6.16.0
          
          
            
              
                
                  Csound Community
                
                
                  csound.com
          
                
               
             
           
         
        
       
      
        
          Table of Contents
        
        
          - 
            
              Preface
            
          
- 
            
              - 
                
                  Preface to the Csound Manual
                
              
- 
                
                  History of the Canonical Csound Reference Manual
                
              
- 
                
                  Copyright Notice
                
              
- 
                
                  Getting Started with Csound
                
              
- 
                
                  What's new in Csound 6.16.0
                
              
 
- 
            
              I. Overview
            
          
- 
            
              - 
                
                  
    Introduction
  
                
              
- 
                
                  The Csound Command
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Order of Precedence
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Description of the command syntax
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Csound command line
                    
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Command-line Flags (by Category)
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Csound Environment Variables
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Unified File Format for Orchestras and Scores
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          Description
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Example
                        
                      
 
- 
                    
                      Command Line Parameter File (.csound6rc)
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Score File Preprocessing
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          The Extract Feature
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Independent Pre-Processing with Scsort
                        
                      
 
 
- 
                
                  Using Csound
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Csound's Console Output
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      How Csound works
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          Amplitude values in Csound
                        
                      
 
- 
                    
                      Real-Time Audio
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Realtime I/O on Linux
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Mac OSX
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Windows
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Realtime I/O with JACK Connection Kit
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Optimizing Audio I/O Latency
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Configuring
                
              
- 
                
                  Syntax of the Orchestra
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Orchestra Header Statements
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Instrument and Opcode Block Statements
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Ordinary Statements
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Types, Constants and Variables
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          Variable Initialization
                        
                      
 
- 
                    
                      Expressions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Directories and Files
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Nomenclature
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Orchestra Macros
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Named Instruments
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      User Defined Opcodes (UDO)
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Vectors and Arrays
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Function Syntax in Csound6
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      UDP Server
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  The Standard Numeric Score
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Preprocessing of Standard Scores
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          Carry
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Tempo
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Sort
                        
                      
 
- 
                    
                      Score Statements
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Next-P and Previous-P Symbols
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Ramping
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Score Macros
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Multiple File Score
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Evaluation of Expressions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Strings in p-fields
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Front Ends
                
              
- 
                
                  Building Csound
                
              
- 
                
                  Csound Links
                
              
 
- 
            
              II. Opcodes Overview
            
          
- 
            
              - 
                
                  Signal Generators
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Additive Synthesis/Resynthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Basic Oscillators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Dynamic Spectrum Oscillators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      FM Synthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Granular Synthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Hyper Vectorial Synthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Linear and Exponential Generators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Envelope Generators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Models and Emulations
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Phasors
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Random (Noise) Generators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Sample Playback
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          Soundfonts
                        
                      
 
- 
                    
                      Scanned Synthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Table Access
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Wave Terrain Synthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Waveguide Physical Modeling
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Signal Input and Output
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      File Input and Output
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Signal Input
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Signal Output
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Software Bus
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Printing and Display
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Sound File Queries
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Signal Modifiers
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Amplitude Modifiers and Dynamic processing
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Convolution and Morphing
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Delay
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Panning and Spatialization
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Reverberation
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Sample Level Operators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Signal Limiters
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Special Effects
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Standard Filters
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Specialized Filters
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Waveguides
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Waveshaping and Phase Distortion
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Instrument Control
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Clock Control
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Conditional Values
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Duration Control Statements
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLTK Widgets and GUI controllers
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          FLTK Containers
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          FLTK Valuators
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Other FLTK Widgets
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Modifying FLTK Widget Appearance
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          General FLTK Widget-related Opcodes
                        
                      
 
- 
                    
                      Instrument Invocation
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Program Flow Control
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Real-time Performance Control
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Initialization and Reinitialization
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Sensing and Control
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Stacks
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Sub-instrument Control
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Time Reading
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Function Table Control
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Table Queries
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Read/Write Operations
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Table Reading with Dynamic Selection
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Mathematical Operations
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Amplitude Converters
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Arithmetic and Logic Operations
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Comparators and Accumulators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Mathematical Functions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Opcode Equivalents of Functions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Random Functions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Trigonometric Functions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Linear Algebra Opcodes
                    
                     — 
      Scalar, vector, and matrix arithmetic on real and complex values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      Array Opcodes
                    
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Pitch Converters
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Functions
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Tuning Opcodes
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Real-time MIDI Support
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Virtual MIDI Keyboard
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      MIDI input
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      MIDI Message Output
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Generic Input and Output
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Converters
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Event Extenders
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Note-on/Note-off Output
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      MIDI/Score Interoperability opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      System Realtime Messages
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Slider Banks
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Spectral Processing
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Short-time Fourier Transform (STFT) Resynthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) Resynthesis
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Non-standard Spectral Processing
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Tools for Real-time Spectral Processing (pvs opcodes)
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      ATS Spectral Processing
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Array-based spectral opcodes
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Strings
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      String Manipulation Opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      String Conversion Opcodes
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Vectorial Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Tables of vectors operators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Operations Between a Vectorial and a Scalar Signal
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Operations Between two  Vectorial Signals
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Vectorial Envelope Generators
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Limiting and wrapping of vectorial control signals
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Vectorial Random Signal Generators
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Zak Patch System
                
              
- 
                
                  Plugin Hosting
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      DSSI and LADSPA for Csound
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  OSC and Network
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Ableton Link Opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSC
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Network
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Remote Opcodes
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Mixer Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  
    Signal Flow Graph Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  Jacko Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  Python Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Introduction
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Orchestra Syntax
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Image processing opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  STK Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  Miscellaneous opcodes
                
              
 
- 
            
              III. Reference
            
          
- 
            
              - 
                
                  Orchestra Opcodes and Operators
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      !=
                    
                     — 
      Determines if one value is not equal to another.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      #define
                    
                     — 
      Defines a macro.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      #include
                    
                     — 
      Includes an external file for processing.
                
                  
- 
                    
                      #undef
                    
                     — 
      Un-defines a macro.
                      
                  
- 
                    
                      #ifdef
                    
                     — 
      Conditional reading of code.
                
                  
- 
                    
                      #ifndef
                    
                     — 
      Conditional reading of code.
                
                  
- 
                    
                      $NAME
                    
                     — 
      Calls a defined macro.
                      
                  
- 
                    
                      %
                    
                     — 
      Modulus operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      &&
                    
                     — 
      Logical AND operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      >
                    
                     — 
      Determines if one value is greater than another.
                            
                  
- 
                    
                      >=
                    
                     — 
      Determines if one value is greater than or equal to another.
                            
                  
- 
                    
                      <
                    
                     — 
      Determines if one value is less than another.
                            
                  
- 
                    
                      <=
                    
                     — 
      Determines if one value is less than or equal to another.
                            
                  
- 
                    
                      *
                    
                     — 
      Multiplication operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      +
                    
                     — 
      Addition operator
    
                  
- 
                    
                      -
                    
                     — 
      Subtraction operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      /
                    
                     — 
      Division operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      =
                    
                     — 
       Performs a simple assignment.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      +=
                    
                     — 
       Performs add and assignment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ==
                    
                     — 
      Compares two values for equality.
                            
                  
- 
                    
                      ^
                    
                     — 
      “Power of” operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ||
                    
                     — 
      Logical OR operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      !
                    
                     — 
      Logical NOT operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      0dbfs
                    
                     — 
      Sets the value of 0 decibels using full scale amplitude.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      A4
                    
                     — 
      Sets the base frequency for pitch A4.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      <<
                    
                     — 
      Bitshift left operator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      >>
                    
                     — 
      Bitshift right operator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      &
                    
                     — 
      Bitwise AND operator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      |
                    
                     — 
      Bitwise OR operator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ¬
                    
                     — 
      Bitwise NOT operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      #
                    
                     — 
      Bitwise NON EQUIVALENCE operator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      a
                    
                     — 
      Converts a k-rate parameter to an a-rate value with interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      abs
                    
                     — 
      Returns an absolute value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      active
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of active instances of an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      adsr
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using linear segments.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      adsyn
                    
                     — 
      Output is an additive set of individually controlled sinusoids, using an oscillator bank.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      adsynt
                    
                     — 
      Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials, not necessarily harmonic.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      adsynt2
                    
                     — 
      Performs additive synthesis with an arbitrary number of partials -not necessarily harmonic- with interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      aftouch
                    
                     — 
      Get the current after-touch value for this channel.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      allpole
                    
                     — 
    Allpole filter implementation using direct convolution.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      alpass
                    
                     — 
      Reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      alwayson
                    
                     — 
      Activates the indicated instrument in the orchestra header,
      without need for an i statement.     
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ampdb
                    
                     — 
      Returns the amplitude equivalent of the decibel value x.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ampdbfs
                    
                     — 
       Returns the amplitude equivalent (in 16-bit signed integer scale) of the full scale decibel (dB FS) value x.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ampmidi
                    
                     — 
      Get the velocity of the current MIDI event.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ampmidicurve
                    
                     — 
        Maps an input MIDI velocity number to an output gain factor with a
        maximum value of 1, modifying the output gain by a dynamic range and a
        shaping exponent.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ampmidid
                    
                     — 
        Musically map MIDI velocity to peak amplitude within a specified dynamic range in decibels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      apoleparams
                    
                     — 
     Extracts allpole filter parameters from coefficients.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      arduinoRead
                    
                     — 
      Read data from an arduino port using the Csound-Arduino protocol.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      arduinoReadF
                    
                     — 
      Read data from an arduino port using the Csound-Arduino protocol.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      arduinoStart
                    
                     — 
      Open a serial port for use with the Arduino protocol.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      arduinoStop
                    
                     — 
      Close a serial port using Arduino protocol.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      areson
                    
                     — 
      A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of
      the reson opcode. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      aresonk
                    
                     — 
      A notch filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the reson opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      atone
                    
                     — 
	    A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tone opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      atonek
                    
                     — 
	    A hi-pass filter whose transfer functions are the complements of the tonek opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      atonex
                    
                     — 
      Emulates a stack of filters using the atone opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSadd
                    
                     —  uses the data from an ATS analysis file to perform additive synthesis.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSaddnz
                    
                     —  uses the data from an ATS analysis file to perform noise resynthesis.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSbufread
                    
                     —  reads data from and ATS data file and stores it in an internal data table of frequency, amplitude pairs.
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      ATScross
                    
                     —  perform cross synthesis from ATS analysis files.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSinfo
                    
                     —  reads data out of the header of an ATS file.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSinterpread
                    
                     —  allows a user to determine the frequency envelope of any ATSbufread.
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSread
                    
                     —  reads data from an ATS file.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSreadnz
                    
                     —  reads data from an ATS file.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSpartialtap
                    
                     —  returns a frequency, amplitude pair from an ATSbufread opcode.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      ATSsinnoi
                    
                     —  uses the data from an ATS analysis file to perform resynthesis.
        
                  
- 
                    
                      autocorr
                    
                     — 
     Autocorrelation of a sequence.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      babo
                    
                     — 
      A physical model reverberator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      balance
                    
                     — 
      Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      balance2
                    
                     — 
      Adjust one audio signal according to the values of another.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      bamboo
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a bamboo sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      barmodel
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tone similar to a struck metal bar.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bbcutm
                    
                     — 
      Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a mono audio stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bbcuts
                    
                     — 
      Generates breakbeat-style cut-ups of a stereo audio stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      betarand
                    
                     — 
      Beta distribution random number generator (positive values only).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bexprnd
                    
                     — 
      Exponential distribution random number generator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bformenc1
                    
                     — 
      Codes a signal into the ambisonic B format.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bformdec1
                    
                     — 
      Decodes an ambisonic B format signal
          
                  
- 
                    
                      binit
                    
                     — 
    PVS tracks to amplitude+frequency conversion.
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      biquad
                    
                     — 
      A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      biquada
                    
                     — 
      A sweepable general purpose biquadratic digital filter with a-rate parameters.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      birnd
                    
                     — 
      Returns a random number in a bi-polar range.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      bob
                    
                     — 
      Runge-Kutte numerical simulation of the Moog analog resonant filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bpf
                    
                     — 
      Break point function with linear interpolation
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bpfcos
                    
                     — 
      Break point function with cosine (easy-in/easy-out) interpolation
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bqrez
                    
                     — 
      A second-order multi-mode filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      butbp
                    
                     — 
      Same as the butterbp opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      butbr
                    
                     — 
      Same as the butterbr opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      buthp
                    
                     — 
      Same as the butterhp opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      butlp
                    
                     — 
      Same as the butterlp opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      butterbp
                    
                     — 
      A band-pass Butterworth filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      butterbr
                    
                     — 
      A band-reject Butterworth filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      butterhp
                    
                     — 
      A high-pass Butterworth filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      butterlp
                    
                     — 
      A low-pass Butterworth filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      button
                    
                     — 
      Sense on-screen controls.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      buzz
                    
                     — 
      Output is a set of harmonically related sine partials.                                  
    
                  
- 
                    
                      c2r
                    
                     — 
    Real to complex format conversion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cabasa
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a cabasa sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cauchy
                    
                     — 
      Cauchy distribution random number generator. 
                
                  
- 
                    
                      cauchyi
                    
                     — 
      Cauchy distribution random number generator with
      interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ceil
                    
                     — 
      Returns the smallest integer not less than x
     
                  
- 
                    
                      cell
                    
                     — 
      Cellular Automaton
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cent
                    
                     — 
      Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of cents.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      centroid
                    
                     — 
      Calculate the spectral centroid of a signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ceps
                    
                     — 
      Calculate the cepstrum of an array input, optionally filtering coefficients.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cepsinv
                    
                     — 
      Calculate the inverse cepstrum of an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cggoto
                    
                     — 
      Conditionally transfer control on every pass.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chanctrl
                    
                     — 
      Get the current value of a MIDI channel controller.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      changed
                    
                     — 
     k-rate signal change detector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      changed2
                    
                     — 
     k-rate signal change detector.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      chani
                    
                     — 
      Reads data from the software bus
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chano
                    
                     — 
      Send data to the outwards software bus
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cbrt
                    
                     — 
      Cubic root function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chebyshevpoly
                    
                     — 
      Efficiently evaluates the sum of Chebyshev polynomials of arbitrary order.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      checkbox
                    
                     — 
      Sense on-screen controls.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      chn
                    
                     — 
      Declare a channel of the named software bus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chnclear
                    
                     — 
      Clears a number of audio output channel of the named software bus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chnexport
                    
                     — 
      Export a global variable as a channel of the bus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chnget
                    
                     — 
      Reads data from the software bus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chnmix
                    
                     — 
      Writes audio data to the named software bus, mixing to the previous
      output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chnparams
                    
                     — 
      Query parameters of a channel.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chnset
                    
                     — 
      Writes data to the named software bus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      chuap
                    
                     — 
      Simulates Chua's oscillator, an LRC oscillator with an active resistor, proved capable of bifurcation and chaotic attractors, with k-rate control of circuit elements.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cigoto
                    
                     — 
      Conditionally transfer control during the i-time pass.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ckgoto
                    
                     — 
      Conditionally transfer control during the p-time passes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      clear
                    
                     — 
      Zeroes a list of audio signals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      clfilt
                    
                     — 
      Implements low-pass and high-pass filters of different styles.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      clip
                    
                     — 
      Clips a signal to a predefined limit.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      clockoff
                    
                     — 
      Stops one of a number of internal clocks.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      clockon
                    
                     — 
      Starts one of a number of internal clocks.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cmp
                    
                     — 
      Compares audio signals or arrays
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cmplxprod
                    
                     — 
     Complex product of two arrays.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cngoto
                    
                     — 
      Transfers control on every pass when a condition is not true.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      comb
                    
                     — 
      Reverberates an input signal with a “colored” frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      combinv
                    
                     — 
      Reverberates an input signal with a “colored” frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      compilecsd
                    
                     — 
      compiles a new orchestra from an ASCII file
    
                  
- 
                    
                      compileorc
                    
                     — 
      compiles a new orchestra from an ASCII file
    
                  
- 
                    
                      compilestr
                    
                     — 
      compiles a new orchestra passed in as an ASCII string
    
                  
- 
                    
                      compress
                    
                     — 
      Compress, limit, expand, duck or gate an audio signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      compress2
                    
                     — 
      Compress, limit, expand, duck or gate an audio signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      connect
                    
                     — 
      Connects a source outlet to a sink inlet.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      control
                    
                     — 
      Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      convle
                    
                     — 
      Same as the convolve opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      convolve
                    
                     — 
      Convolves a signal and an impulse response.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      copya2ftab
                    
                     — 
      Copy data from a vector to an f-table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      copyf2array
                    
                     — 
      Copy data from an f-table to a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cos
                    
                     — 
      Performs a cosine function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cosseg
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of line segments between specified points with
      cosine interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cossegb
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of line segments between specified absolute points with
      cosine interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cossegr
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of line segments between specified points with
      cosine interpolation, including a release segment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cosh
                    
                     — 
      Performs a hyperbolic cosine function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cosinv
                    
                     — 
      Performs a arccosine function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      count
                    
                     — 
      Get the next value from a counter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      count_i
                    
                     — 
      Get the next value from a counter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntCycles
                    
                     — 
      Get the number of times a counter has cycled.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntRead
                    
                     — 
      Read current value of a counter object.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntReset
                    
                     — 
      Resets a counter object.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntState
                    
                     — 
      Gives the range and increment of a counter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntCreate
                    
                     — 
      Create a counter object.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntDelete
                    
                     — 
      Delete a counter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cntDelete_i
                    
                     — 
      Delete a counter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cps2pch
                    
                     — 
      Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of the octave.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpsmidi
                    
                     — 
      Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in cycles-per-second.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpsmidib
                    
                     — 
      Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in cycles-per-second. 
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cpsmidinn
                    
                     — 
      Converts a Midi note number value to cycles-per-second.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cpsoct
                    
                     — 
      Converts an octave-point-decimal value to cycles-per-second.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpspch
                    
                     — 
      Converts a pitch-class value to cycles-per-second.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpstmid
                    
                     — 
      Get a MIDI note number (allows customized micro-tuning scales).
          
                  
- 
                    
                      cpstun
                    
                     — 
      Returns micro-tuning values at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpstuni
                    
                     — 
      Returns micro-tuning values at init-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpsxpch
                    
                     — 
       Converts a pitch-class value into cycles-per-second (Hz) for equal divisions of any interval.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpumeter
                    
                     — 
      Reports the usage of cpu either total or per core.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cpuprc
                    
                     — 
      Control allocation of cpu resources on a per-instrument basis, to optimize realtime output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cross2
                    
                     — 
      Cross synthesis using FFT's.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      crossfm
                    
                     — 
      Two mutually frequency and/or phase modulated oscillators.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      crunch
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a crunch sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrl14
                    
                     — 
      Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrl21
                    
                     — 
      Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrl7
                    
                     — 
      Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrlinit
                    
                     — 
      Sets the initial values for a set of MIDI controllers.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrlpreset
                    
                     — 
      Defines a preset for MIDI controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrlprint
                    
                     — 
      Print the saved values of MIDI controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrlprintpresets
                    
                     — 
      Prints the current collection of presets for MIDI controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrlsave
                    
                     — 
      Recovers the current values of MIDI controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ctrlselect
                    
                     — 
      Loads a preset of values for MIDI controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cuserrnd
                    
                     — 
      Continuous USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dam
                    
                     — 
      A dynamic compressor/expander.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      date
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number seconds since a base date.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dates
                    
                     — 
      Returns as a string the date and time specified.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      db
                    
                     — 
      Returns the amplitude equivalent for a given decibel amount.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dbamp
                    
                     — 
      Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dbfsamp
                    
                     — 
      Returns the decibel equivalent of the raw amplitude x, relative to full scale amplitude.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dcblock
                    
                     — 
      A DC blocking filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dcblock2
                    
                     — 
      A DC blocking filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dconv
                    
                     — 
      A direct convolution opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dct
                    
                     — 
     Discrete Cosine Transform of a sample array (type-II DCT)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dctinv
                    
                     — 
     Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform of a sample array (type-III DCT)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      deinterleave
                    
                     — 
    Deinterleaves arrays by picking alternate data from its input.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      delay
                    
                     — 
      Delays an input signal by some time interval.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      delay1
                    
                     — 
      Delays an input signal by one sample.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      delayk
                    
                     — 
      Delays an input signal by some time interval.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      delayr
                    
                     — 
      Reads from an automatically established digital delay line.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      delayw
                    
                     — 
      Writes the audio signal to a digital delay line.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      deltap
                    
                     — 
      Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      deltap3
                    
                     — 
      Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      deltapi
                    
                     — 
      Taps a delay line at variable offset times, uses interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      deltapn
                    
                     — 
      Taps a delay line at variable offset times.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      deltapx
                    
                     — 
      Read from or write to a delay line with interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      deltapxw
                    
                     — 
      Mixes the input signal to a delay line.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      denorm
                    
                     — 
      Mixes low level noise to a list of a-rate signals
          
                  
- 
                    
                      diff
                    
                     — 
      Modify a signal by differentiation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      diode_ladder
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of 4 pole diode ladder filter. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      directory
                    
                     — 
      Reads a directory and outputs to a string array a list of file names.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      diskgrain
                    
                     — 
      Synchronous granular synthesis, using a soundfile as source.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      diskin
                    
                     — 
      Reads audio data from an external device or stream and can alter its pitch.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      diskin2
                    
                     — 
      Reads audio data from a file, and can alter its pitch using one of several
      available interpolation types, as well as convert the sample rate to match
      the orchestra sr setting.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dispfft
                    
                     — 
      Displays the Fourier Transform of an audio or control signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      display
                    
                     — 
      Displays the audio or control signals as an amplitude vs. time graph.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      distort
                    
                     — 
      Distort an audio signal via waveshaping and optional clipping.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      distort1
                    
                     — 
      Modified hyperbolic tangent distortion.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      divz
                    
                     — 
       Safely divides two numbers.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      doppler
                    
                     — 
      A fast and robust method for approximating sound propagation, achieving convincing Doppler shifts without having to solve equations.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dot
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the dot product of two arrays.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      downsamp
                    
                     — 
      Modify a signal by down-sampling.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dripwater
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a water drop.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dssiactivate
                    
                     — Activates or deactivates a DSSI or LADSPA plugin.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dssiaudio
                    
                     — Processes audio using a LADSPA or DSSI plugin.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dssictls
                    
                     — Send control information to a LADSPA or DSSI plugin.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dssiinit
                    
                     — Loads a DSSI or LADSPA plugin.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dssilist
                    
                     — Lists all available DSSI and LADSPA plugins.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dumpk
                    
                     — 
      Periodically writes an orchestra control-signal value to an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dumpk2
                    
                     — 
      Periodically writes two orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dumpk3
                    
                     — 
      Periodically writes three orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dumpk4
                    
                     — 
      Periodically writes four orchestra control-signal values to an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      duserrnd
                    
                     — 
      Discrete USER-defined-distribution RaNDom generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      dust
                    
                     — 
      Random impulses.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      dust2
                    
                     — 
      Random impulses.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      else
                    
                     — 
      Executes a block of code when an "if...then" condition is false.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      elseif
                    
                     — 
      Defines another "if...then" condition when a "if...then" condition is false.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      endif
                    
                     — 
      Closes a block of code that begins with an "if...then" statement.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      endin
                    
                     — 
      Ends the current instrument block.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      endop
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of an user-defined opcode block.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      envlpx
                    
                     — 
      Applies an envelope consisting of 3 segments.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      envlpxr
                    
                     — 
      The envlpx opcode with a final release segment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ephasor
                    
                     — 
    produces two outputs: a periodic phase signal and a periodic exponential decaying signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      eqfil
                    
                     — 
      Equalizer filter
    
                  
- 
                    
                      evalstr
                    
                     — 
    Evalstrs evaluates a string containing Csound code, returning a value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      event
                    
                     — 
      Generates a score event from an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      event_i
                    
                     — 
      Generates a score event from an instrument.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      exciter
                    
                     — 
      A non-linear filter system to excite the signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      exitnow
                    
                     — 
      Exit Csound as fast as possible, with no cleaning up.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      exp
                    
                     — 
      Returns e raised to the x-th power.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expcurve
                    
                     — 
      This opcode implements a formula for generating a normalised exponential curve in range 0 - 1. It is based on the Max / MSP work of Eric Singer (c) 1994.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expon
                    
                     — 
      Trace an exponential curve between specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      exprand
                    
                     — 
      Exponential distribution random number generator (positive values only).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      exprandi
                    
                     — 
      Exponential distribution random number generator with
      interpolation (positive values only).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expseg
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expsega
                    
                     — 
      An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expsegb
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of exponential segments between specified
      absolute points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expsegba
                    
                     — 
      An exponential segment generator operating at a-rate with
      absolute times.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      expsegr
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of exponential segments between specified points including a release segment.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      faustaudio
                    
                     — 
      Instantiates and runs a compiled Faust program.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      faustcompile
                    
                     — 
      Invokes the just-in-time compiler to produce a instantiable DSP process from a Faust program.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      faustdsp
                    
                     — 
      Instantiates a Faust program.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      faustctl
                    
                     — 
      Adjusts a given control in a Faust DSP instance.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      faustgen
                    
                     — 
      Compiles, Instantiates and runs a compiled Faust program.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      faustplay
                    
                     — 
      Runs an instantiated Faust program.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fareylen
                    
                     — 
      returns the length of a Farey Sequence.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fareyleni
                    
                     — 
      returns the length of a Farey Sequence.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ficlose
                    
                     — 
      Closes a previously opened file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      filebit
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of bits in each sample in a sound file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      filelen
                    
                     — 
      Returns the length of a sound file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      filenchnls
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of channels in a sound file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      filepeak
                    
                     — 
      Returns the peak absolute value of a sound file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      filescal
                    
                     — 
      Phase-locked vocoder processing with onset detection/processing, 'tempo-scaling'.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      filesr
                    
                     — 
      Returns the sample rate of a sound file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      filevalid
                    
                     — 
      Checks that a file can be read.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fillarray
                    
                     — 
      Generate a vector with initial values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fft
                    
                     — 
     Complex-to-complex Fast Fourier Transform.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      filter2
                    
                     — 
      Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with no time-varying control.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fini
                    
                     — 
      Read signals from a file at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fink
                    
                     — 
      Read signals from a file at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fiopen
                    
                     — 
      Opens a file in a specific mode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      flanger
                    
                     — 
      A user controlled flanger.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      flashtxt
                    
                     — 
      Allows text to be displayed from instruments like sliders
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLbox
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget that displays text inside of a box.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLbutBank
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a bank of buttons.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLbutton
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLcloseButton
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button that will close the panel
      window it is a part of.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLcolor
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that sets the primary colors.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLcolor2
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that sets the secondary (selection) color.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLcount
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a counter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLexecButton
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a button that executes a command.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLgetsnap
                    
                     — 
      Retrieves a previously stored FLTK snapshot.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLgroup
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK container opcode that groups child widgets.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLgroupEnd
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLgroup_end
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a group of FLTK child widgets.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLhide
                    
                     — 
      Hides the target FLTK widget.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLhvsBox
                    
                     — 
      Displays a box with a grid useful for visualizing two-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLhvsBoxSetValue
                    
                     — 
      Sets the cursor position of a previously-declared FLhvsBox widget.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLjoy
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that acts like a joystick. 
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLkeyIn
                    
                     — 
      Reports keys pressed (on alphanumeric keyboard) when an FLTK panel has focus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLknob
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a knob.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLlabel
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that modifies the appearance of a text label.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLloadsnap
                    
                     — 
      Loads all snapshots into the memory bank of the current orchestra.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLmouse
                    
                     — 
      Returns the mouse position and the state of the three mouse buttons.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      flooper
                    
                     — 
      Function-table-based crossfading looper.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      flooper2
                    
                     — 
      Function-table-based crossfading looper.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      floor
                    
                     — 
      Returns the largest integer not greater than x
	     
                  
- 
                    
                      FLpack
                    
                     — 
      Provides the functionality of compressing and aligning FLTK widgets.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLpackEnd
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLpack_end
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a group of compressed or aligned FLTK widgets.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLpanel
                    
                     — 
      Creates a window that contains FLTK widgets.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLpanelEnd
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel).
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLpanel_end
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a group of FLTK widgets contained inside of a window (panel).
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLprintk
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that prints a k-rate value at specified intervals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLprintk2
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that prints a new value every time a control-rate variable changes.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLroller
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget that creates a transversal knob.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLrun
                    
                     — 
      Starts the FLTK widget thread.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsavesnap
                    
                     — 
      Saves all snapshots currently created into a file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLscroll
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that adds scroll bars to an area.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLscrollEnd
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLscroll_end
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK opcode that marks the end of an area with scrollbars.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetAlign
                    
                     — 
      Sets the text alignment of a label of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetBox
                    
                     — 
      Sets the appearance of a box surrounding a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetColor
                    
                     — 
      Sets the primary color of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetColor2
                    
                     — 
      Sets the secondary (or selection) color of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetFont
                    
                     — 
      Sets the font type of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetPosition
                    
                     — 
      Sets the position of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetSize
                    
                     — 
      Resizes a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetsnap
                    
                     — 
      Stores the current status of all FLTK valuators into a snapshot location.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetSnapGroup
                    
                     — 
      Determines the snapshot group for FL valuators.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetText
                    
                     — 
      Sets the label of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetTextColor
                    
                     — 
      Sets the color of the text label of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetTextSize
                    
                     — 
      Sets the size of the text label of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetTextType
                    
                     — 
      Sets some font attributes of the text label of a FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetVal_i
                    
                     — 
      Sets the value of a FLTK valuator to a number provided by the user.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLsetVal
                    
                     — 
      Sets the value of a FLTK valuator at control-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLshow
                    
                     — 
      Restores the visibility of a previously hidden FLTK widget.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnk
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget containing a bank of horizontal sliders.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnk2
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget containing a bank of horizontal sliders.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnkGetHandle
                    
                     — 
      gets the handle of last slider bank created.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnkSet
                    
                     — 
      modify the values of a slider bank.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnkSetk
                    
                     — 
      modify the values of a slider bank.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnk2Set
                    
                     — 
      modify the values of a slider bank.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslidBnk2Setk
                    
                     — 
      modify the values of a slider bank.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLslider
                    
                     — 
      Puts a slider into the corresponding FLTK container.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLtabs
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tabbed FLTK interface.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLtabsEnd
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLtabs_end
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a tabbed FLTK interface.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      FLtext
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget opcode that creates a textbox.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLupdate
                    
                     — 
      Same as the FLrun opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidAllOut
                    
                     — 
      Collects all audio from all Fluidsynth engines in a performance
           
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidCCi
                    
                     — 
      Sends a MIDI controller data message to fluid.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidCCk
                    
                     — 
      Sends a MIDI controller data message to fluid.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidControl
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI note on, note off, and other messages to a SoundFont preset.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidEngine
                    
                     — 
      Instantiates a fluidsynth engine.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidInfo
                    
                     — 
       Retrieves program information from currently loaded soundfont. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidLoad
                    
                     — 
       Loads a SoundFont into a fluidEngine, optionally listing SoundFont contents.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidNote
                    
                     — 
      Plays a note on a channel in a fluidSynth engine.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidOut
                    
                     — 
      Outputs sound from a given fluidEngine
           
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidProgramSelect
                    
                     — 
      Assigns a preset from a SoundFont to a channel on a fluidEngine.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      fluidSetInterpMethod
                    
                     — 
      Set interpolation method for channel in Fluid Engine
           
                  
- 
                    
                      FLvalue
                    
                     — 
      Shows the current value of a FLTK valuator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLvkeybd
                    
                     — 
      An FLTK widget opcode that creates a virtual keyboard widget.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLvslidBnk
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget containing a bank of vertical sliders.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLvslidBnk2
                    
                     — 
      A FLTK widget containing a bank of vertical sliders.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      FLxyin
                    
                     — 
      Senses the mouse cursor position in a user-defined area inside an FLpanel.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fmanal
                    
                     — 
      AM/FM analysis from quadrature signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fmax
                    
                     — 
      Maximum value function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fmb3
                    
                     — 
      Uses FM synthesis to create a Hammond B3 organ sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fmbell
                    
                     — 
      Uses FM synthesis to create a tublar bell sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fmin
                    
                     — 
      Minimum value function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fmmetal
                    
                     — 
      Uses FM synthesis to create a “Heavy Metal” sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fmod
                    
                     — 
      Compute the floating point remainder operation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fmpercfl
                    
                     — 
      Uses FM synthesis to create a percussive flute sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fmrhode
                    
                     — 
      Uses FM synthesis to create a Fender Rhodes electric piano sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fmvoice
                    
                     — 
      FM Singing Voice Synthesis
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fmwurlie
                    
                     — 
      Uses FM synthesis to create a Wurlitzer electric piano sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fof
                    
                     — 
      Produces sinusoid bursts useful for formant and granular synthesis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fof2
                    
                     — 
      Produces sinusoid bursts including k-rate incremental indexing with each successive burst.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fofilter
                    
                     — 
      Formant filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fog
                    
                     — 
      Audio output is a succession of grains derived from data in a stored function table
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fold
                    
                     — 
      Adds artificial foldover to an audio signal.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      follow
                    
                     — 
      Envelope follower unit generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      follow2
                    
                     — 
      Another controllable envelope extractor.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      foscil
                    
                     — 
      A basic frequency modulated oscillator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      foscili
                    
                     — 
      Basic frequency modulated oscillator with linear interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fout
                    
                     — 
      Outputs a-rate signals to an arbitrary number of channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fouti
                    
                     — 
      Outputs i-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      foutir
                    
                     — 
      Outputs i-rate signals from an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      foutk
                    
                     — 
      Outputs k-rate signals of an arbitrary number of channels to a specified file, in raw (headerless) format.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fprintks
                    
                     — 
      Similar to printks but prints to a file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fprints
                    
                     — 
      Similar to prints but prints to a file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      frac
                    
                     — 
      Returns the fractional part of a decimal number.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fractalnoise
                    
                     — 
      A fractal noise generator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      framebuffer
                    
                     — 
       Read audio signals into 1 dimensional k-rate arrays and vice-versa with a specified buffer size.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      freeverb
                    
                     — 
      Opcode version of Jezar's Freeverb
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftaudio
                    
                     — 
      Write a previously-allocated table to an audio file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftchnls
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of channels in a stored function table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftconv
                    
                     — 
      Low latency multichannel convolution, using a function table as impulse
	response source.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftcps
                    
                     — 
      Returns the base frequency of a stored function table in Hz.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftexists
                    
                     — 
      Query if a given table exists
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftfree
                    
                     — 
      Deletes function table.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftgen
                    
                     — 
      Generate a score function table from within the orchestra.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftgenonce
                    
                     — 
       Generate a function table from within an instrument definition, without duplication of data.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftgentmp
                    
                     — 
       Generate a score function table from within the orchestra, which is deleted at the end of the note.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftlen
                    
                     — 
      Returns the size of a stored function table.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftload
                    
                     — 
      Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftloadk
                    
                     — 
      Load a set of previously-allocated tables from a file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftlptim
                    
                     — 
      Returns the loop segment start-time of a stored function table number.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftmorf
                    
                     — 
       Morphs between multiple ftables as specified in a list.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftom
                    
                     — 
          Convert frequency to midi
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftprint
                    
                     — 
      Print the contents of a table (for debugging)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftsamplebank
                    
                     — 
      Reads a directory for sound files.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftsave
                    
                     — 
      Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftsavek
                    
                     — 
      Save a set of previously-allocated tables to a file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ftset
                    
                     — 
      Sets multiple elements of a table to a given value
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftslice
                    
                     — 
      Copy a slice from an f-table to another f-table at performance
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftslicei
                    
                     — 
      Copy a slice from an f-table to another f-table at init
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ftsr
                    
                     — 
      Returns the sampling-rate of a stored function table.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      gain
                    
                     — 
      Adjusts the amplitude audio signal according to a root-mean-square value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gainslider
                    
                     — 
      An implementation of a logarithmic gain curve which is similar to the gainslider~ object from Cycling 74 Max / MSP.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gtf
                    
                     — 
      Apply a gammatone filter to an audio signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gauss
                    
                     — 
      Gaussian distribution random number generator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gaussi
                    
                     — 
      Gaussian distribution random number generator with
      interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gausstrig
                    
                     — 
      Random impulses around a certain frequency.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gbuzz
                    
                     — 
      Output is a set of harmonically related cosine partials.                      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      genarray
                    
                     — 
      Generate a vector with an arithmetic sequence.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      genarray_i
                    
                     — 
      Generate a vector with an arithmetic sequence.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gendy
                    
                     — 
      Dynamic stochastic approach to waveform synthesis conceived by Iannis Xenakis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gendyc
                    
                     — 
      Dynamic stochastic approach to waveform synthesis using cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gendyx
                    
                     — 
      Variation of the dynamic stochastic approach to waveform
      synthesis conceived by Iannis Xenakis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      getcfg
                    
                     — 
      Return Csound settings.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      getcol
                    
                     — 
     Gets a given column from a 2-dimensional array as a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      getftargs
                    
                     — 
     Fill a string variable with the arguments used to create a function table at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      getrow
                    
                     — 
     Gets a given row from a 2-dimensional array as a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      getseed
                    
                     — 
      Reads the global seed value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      gogobel
                    
                     — 
      Audio output is a tone related to the striking of a cow bell or similar.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      goto
                    
                     — 
      Transfer control on every pass.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      grain
                    
                     — 
      Generates granular synthesis textures.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      grain2
                    
                     — 
      Easy-to-use granular synthesis texture generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      grain3
                    
                     — 
      Generate granular synthesis textures with more user control.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      granule
                    
                     — 
      A more complex granular synthesis texture generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      guiro
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a guiro sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      harmon
                    
                     — 
      Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in synchrony.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      harmon2
                    
                     — 
      Analyze an audio input and generate harmonizing voices in
      synchrony with formants preserved.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hdf5read
                    
                     — 
      Read signals and arrays from an hdf5 file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hdf5write
                    
                     — 
      Write signals and arrays to an hdf5 file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hilbert
                    
                     — 
      A Hilbert transformer.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hilbert2
                    
                     — 
      A Hilbert transformer.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hrtfearly
                    
                     — 
      Generates 3D binaural audio with high-fidelity early reflections in a parametric room using a Phase Truncation algorithm.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hrtfmove
                    
                     — 
      Generates dynamic 3d binaural audio for headphones using magnitude interpolation and phase truncation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hrtfmove2
                    
                     — 
      Generates dynamic 3d binaural audio for headphones using a Woodworth based spherical head model
      with improved low frequency phase accuracy.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hrtfreverb
                    
                     — 
      A binaural, dynamic FDN based diffuse-field reverberator. The opcode works independently as an efficient, flexible reverberator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hrtfstat
                    
                     — 
      Generates static 3d binaural audio for headphones using a
      Woodworth based spherical head model with improved low frequency
      phase accuracy.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hsboscil
                    
                     — 
      An oscillator which takes tonality and brightness as arguments.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      hvs1
                    
                     — 
      Allows one-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hvs2
                    
                     — 
      Allows two-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hvs3
                    
                     — 
      Allows three-dimensional Hyper Vectorial Synthesis (HVS) controlled by externally-updated k-variables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hypot
                    
                     — 
      Euclidean distance function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      i
                    
                     — 
      Returns an init-type equivalent of a k-rate argument, or directly returns an i-rate argument.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      if
                    
                     — 
      Branches conditionally at initialization or during performance time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      fftinv
                    
                     — 
     Complex-to-complex Inverse Fast Fourier Transform.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      igoto
                    
                     — 
      Transfer control during the i-time pass.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ihold
                    
                     — 
      Creates a held note.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      imagecreate
                    
                     — 
      Create an empty image of a given size.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      imagefree
                    
                     — 
      Frees memory allocated for a previously loaded or created image.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      imagegetpixel
                    
                     — 
      Return the RGB pixel values of a previously opened or created image.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      imageload
                    
                     — 
      Load an image.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      imagesave
                    
                     — 
      Save a previously created image.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      imagesetpixel
                    
                     — 
      Set the RGB value of a pixel inside a previously opened or created image.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      imagesize
                    
                     — 
      Return the width and height of a previously opened or created image.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      in
                    
                     — 
      Reads mono audio data from an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      in32
                    
                     — 
      Reads a 32-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inch
                    
                     — 
      Reads from numbered channels in an external audio signal or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inh
                    
                     — 
      Reads six-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      init
                    
                     — 
       Puts the value of the i-time expression into a k-, a-rate or t- variable.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      initc14
                    
                     — 
      Initializes the controllers used to create a 14-bit MIDI value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      initc21
                    
                     — 
      Initializes the controllers used to create a 21-bit MIDI value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      initc7
                    
                     — 
      Initializes the controller used to create a 7-bit MIDI value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      inleta
                    
                     — 
      Receives an arate signal into an instrument through a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inletk
                    
                     — 
      Receives a krate signal into an instrument from a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inletkid
                    
                     — 
      Receives a krate signal into an instrument from a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inletf
                    
                     — 
      Receives an frate signal (fsig) into an instrument from a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inletv
                    
                     — 
      Receives an arate array signal into an instrument through a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ino
                    
                     — 
      Reads eight-channel audio data from an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      inq
                    
                     — 
      Reads quad audio data from an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      inrg
                    
                     — 
      Allow input from a range of adjacent audio channels from the audio input device
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ins
                    
                     — 
      Reads stereo audio data from an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      insremot
                    
                     — 
      An opcode which can be used to implement a remote
      orchestra. This opcode will send note events from a source
      machine to one destination. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      insglobal
                    
                     — 
      An opcode which can be used to implement a remote
      orchestra. This opcode will send note events from a source
      machine to many destinations.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      instr
                    
                     — 
      Starts an instrument block.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      int
                    
                     — 
      Extracts an integer from a decimal number.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      integ
                    
                     — 
      Modify a signal by integration.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      interleave
                    
                     — 
    Interleaves arrays into a a single one by placing the input data
    in alternate positions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      interp
                    
                     — 
      Converts a control signal to an audio signal using linear interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      invalue
                    
                     — 
      Reads a k-rate signal from a user-defined channel.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      inx
                    
                     — 
      Reads a 16-channel audio signal from an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      inz
                    
                     — 
      Reads multi-channel audio samples into a ZAK array from an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoAudioIn
                    
                     — 
      Receives an audio signal from a Jack port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoAudioInConnect
                    
                     — 
      Creates an audio connection from a Jack port to Csound.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoAudioOut
                    
                     — 
      Sends an audio signal to a Jack port.
     
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoAudioOutConnect
                    
                     — 
      Creates an audio connection from Csound to a Jack port.
     
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoFreewheel
                    
                     — 
      Turns Jack's freewheeling mode on or off. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoInfo
                    
                     — 
      Prints information about the Jack system.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoInit
                    
                     — 
      Initializes Csound as a Jack client.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoMidiInConnect
                    
                     — 
      Creates a MIDI  connection from a Jack port to Csound.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoMidiOutConnect
                    
                     — 
      Creates a MIDI connection from Csound to a Jack port.
     
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoMidiOut
                    
                     — 
      Sends a MIDI channel message to a Jack port.     
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoNoteOut
                    
                     — 
      Sends a MIDI channel message to a Jack port.     
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoOn
                    
                     — 
      Enables or disables all Jack ports.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      JackoTransport
                    
                     — 
      Control the Jack transport.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      jacktransport
                    
                     — 
      Start/stop jack_transport and can optionally relocate the playback head.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      jitter
                    
                     — 
      Generates a segmented line whose segments are randomly generated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      jitter2
                    
                     — 
      Generates a segmented line with user-controllable random segments.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      joystick
                    
                     — 
      Reads data from a joystick controller.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      jspline
                    
                     — 
      A jitter-spline generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      k
                    
                     — 
      Converts a i-rate parameter to an k-rate value.
      Or converts an a-rate value to a k-rate value by down-sampling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      K35_hpf
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of Korg35 resonant high-pass filter. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      K35_lpf
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of Korg35 resonant low-pass filter. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      kgoto
                    
                     — 
      Transfer control during the performance-time passes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      kr
                    
                     — 
      Sets the control rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ksmps
                    
                     — 
      Sets the number of samples in a control period.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      lastcycle
                    
                     — 
      Indicates whether an event is in its last performance cycle.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lenarray
                    
                     — 
      Evaluates the size or shape length of an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lfo
                    
                     — 
      A low frequency oscillator of various shapes.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      lfsr
                    
                     — 
      Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      limit
                    
                     — 
      Sets the lower and upper limits of the value it processes.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      limit1
                    
                     — 
      Limiting function
    
                  
- 
                    
                      line
                    
                     — 
      Trace a straight line between specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      linen
                    
                     — 
      Applies a straight line rise and decay pattern to an input amp signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      linenr
                    
                     — 
      The linen opcode extended with a final release segment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lineto
                    
                     — 
      Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      linlin
                    
                     — 
          Linear to linear interpolation
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lincos
                    
                     — 
	  Linear to cosine interpolation
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_beat_force
                    
                     — 
      Forces the global network Ableton Link session to adopt a specific beat number and time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_beat_get
                    
                     — 
     Returns the beat, phase with respect to the local quantum, and current time for the session.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_beat_request
                    
                     — 
       Requests the global network Ableton Link session to adopt a specific beat number and time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_create
                    
                     — 
      Creates a peer in an Ableton Link network session.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_enable
                    
                     — 
      Enable or disable synchronization with the Ableton Link session.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_is_enabled
                    
                     — 
      Returns whether or not this peer is synchronized with the global network Ableton Link session.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_metro
                    
                     — 
      Returns a trigger that is 1 on the beat and 0 otherwise along with beat, phase, and time for this session of Ableton Link.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_peers
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of peers in the session.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_tempo_get
                    
                     — 
        Returns the current tempo of the global network Ableton Link session.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      link_tempo_set
                    
                     — 
      Sets the tempo.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      linrand
                    
                     — 
      Linear distribution random number generator (positive values only).
                
                  
- 
                    
                      linseg
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of line segments between specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      linsegb
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of line segments between specified absolute points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      linsegr
                    
                     — 
      Trace a series of line segments between specified points including a release segment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      liveconv
                    
                     — 
      Partitioned convolution with dynamically reloadable impulse response
    
                  
- 
                    
                      locsend
                    
                     — 
      Distributes the audio signals of a previous locsig opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      locsig
                    
                     — 
      Takes an input signal and distributes between 2 or 4 channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      log
                    
                     — 
      Returns a natural log of a number, or an array (with optional arbitrary base).
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      log10
                    
                     — 
      Returns a base 10 log.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      log2
                    
                     — 
      Returns a base 2 log.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      logbtwo
                    
                     — 
      Performs a logarithmic base two calculation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      logcurve
                    
                     — 
      This opcode implements a formula for generating a normalised logarithmic curve in range 0 - 1. It is based on the Max / MSP work of Eric Singer (c) 1994.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loop_ge
                    
                     — 
      Looping constructions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loop_gt
                    
                     — 
      Looping constructions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loop_le
                    
                     — 
      Looping constructions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loop_lt
                    
                     — 
      Looping constructions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loopseg
                    
                     — 
      Generate control signal consisting of linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loopsegp
                    
                     — 
      Control signals based on linear segments.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      looptseg
                    
                     — 
      Generate control signal consisting of exponential or linear segments delimited by two or more specified points.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      loopxseg
                    
                     — 
      Generate control signal consisting of exponential segments delimited by two or more specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lorenz
                    
                     — 
      Implements the Lorenz system of equations.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loscil
                    
                     — 
      Read sampled sound from a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loscil3
                    
                     — 
      Read sampled sound from a table using cubic interpolation. A version that outputs the exact
      table position (phase) corresponding to the output sample is
      provided as an alternative opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      loscilx
                    
                     — 
        Read multi-channel sampled sound from a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lowpass2
                    
                     — 
      A resonant lowpass filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      lowres
                    
                     — 
      Another resonant lowpass filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      lowresx
                    
                     — 
      Simulates layers of serially connected resonant lowpass filters.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpcanal
                    
                     — 
    Streaming linear prediction analysis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpcfilter
                    
                     — 
    Streaming linear prediction all-pole filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpf18
                    
                     — 
      A 3-pole sweepable resonant lowpass filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpfreson
                    
                     — 
      Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread, applying formant shifting.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lphasor
                    
                     — 
      Generates a table index for sample playback
          
                  
- 
                    
                      lpinterp
                    
                     — 
      Computes a new set of poles from the interpolation between two analysis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lposcil
                    
                     — 
      Read sampled sound from a table with looping and high precision.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lposcil3
                    
                     — 
      Read sampled sound from a table with high precision and cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lposcila
                    
                     — 
      Read sampled sound from a table with looping and high precision.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lposcilsa
                    
                     — 
      Read stereo sampled sound from a table with looping and high precision.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lposcilsa2
                    
                     — 
      Read stereo sampled sound from a table with looping and high precision.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpread
                    
                     — 
      Reads a control file of time-ordered information frames.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      lpreson
                    
                     — 
      Resynthesises a signal from the data passed internally by a previous lpread.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpshold
                    
                     — 
      Generate control signal consisting of held segments.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpsholdp
                    
                     — 
      Control signals based on held segments.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lpslot
                    
                     — 
      Selects the slot to be use by further lp opcodes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lufs
                    
                     — 
      Momentary, Integrated and Short-Term Loudness meter in LUFS
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mac
                    
                     — 
      Multiplies and accumulates a- and k-rate signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maca
                    
                     — 
      Multiply and accumulate a-rate signals only.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      madsr
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the linsegr mechanism.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mags
                    
                     — 
    Obtains the magnitudes of a complex-number array
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mandel
                    
                     — 
     Mandelbrot set
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mandol
                    
                     — 
      An emulation of a mandolin.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maparray
                    
                     — 
      Apply a function to every element of a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      marimba
                    
                     — 
      Physical model related to the striking of a wooden block.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      massign
                    
                     — 
      Assigns a MIDI channel number to a Csound instrument.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      max
                    
                     — 
      Produces a signal that is the maximum of any number of input signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maxabs
                    
                     — 
      Produces a signal that is the maximum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maxabsaccum
                    
                     — 
      Accumulates the maximum of the absolute values of audio signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maxaccum
                    
                     — 
      Accumulates the maximum value of audio signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maxalloc
                    
                     — 
      Limits the number of allocations of an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      max_k
                    
                     — 
      Local maximum (or minimum) value of an incoming asig signal
          
                  
- 
                    
                      maxarray
                    
                     — 
      returns the maximum value in an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mclock
                    
                     — 
      Sends a MIDI CLOCK message.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mdelay
                    
                     — 
      A MIDI delay opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      median
                    
                     — 
      A median filter, a variant FIR lowpass filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mediank
                    
                     — 
      A median filter, a variant FIR lowpass filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      metro
                    
                     — 
     Trigger Metronome
          
                  
- 
                    
                      metro2
                    
                     — 
     Trigger Metronome with Swing and Accents
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mfb
                    
                     — 
     Mel scale filterbank for spectral magnitudes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      midglobal
                    
                     — 
      An opcode which can be used to implement a remote midi orchestra. This opcode will broadcast the midi events to all the machines involved in the remote concert.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      midiarp
                    
                     — 
      Generates arpeggios based on currently held MIDI notes. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      midic14
                    
                     — 
      Allows a floating-point 14-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midic21
                    
                     — 
      Allows a floating-point 21-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midic7
                    
                     — 
      Allows a floating-point 7-bit MIDI signal scaled with a minimum and a maximum range.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midichannelaftertouch
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI channel's aftertouch value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midichn
                    
                     — 
      Returns the MIDI channel number from which the note was activated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midicontrolchange
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI control change value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midictrl
                    
                     — 
      Get the current value (0-127) of a specified MIDI controller.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mididefault
                    
                     — 
      Changes values, depending on MIDI activation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midiin
                    
                     — 
      Returns a generic MIDI message received by the MIDI IN port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midifilestatus
                    
                     — 
      Returns the playback status of MIDI file input.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midinoteoff
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI noteoff value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midinoteoncps
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI note number as a cycles-per-second frequency.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midinoteonkey
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI note number value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midinoteonoct
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI note number value as octave-point-decimal value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midinoteonpch
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI note number as a pitch-class value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midion2
                    
                     — 
      Sends noteon and noteoff messages to the MIDI OUT port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      midion
                    
                     — 
      Generates MIDI note messages at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      midiout_i
                    
                     — 
      Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midiout
                    
                     — 
      Sends a generic MIDI message to the MIDI OUT port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midipitchbend
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI pitchbend value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midipolyaftertouch
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI polyphonic aftertouch value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      midiprogramchange
                    
                     — 
      Gets a MIDI program change value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      miditempo
                    
                     — 
      Returns the current tempo at k-rate, of either the MIDI file (if
      available) or the score.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      midremot
                    
                     — 
      An opcode which can be used to implement a remote midi orchestra. This opcode will send midi events from a source machine to one destination.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      min
                    
                     — 
      Produces a signal that is the minimum of any number of input signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      minabs
                    
                     — 
      Produces a signal that is the minimum of the absolute values of any number of input signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      minabsaccum
                    
                     — 
      Accumulates the minimum of the absolute values of audio signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      minaccum
                    
                     — 
      Accumulates the minimum value of audio signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mincer
                    
                     — 
Phase-locked vocoder processing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      minarray
                    
                     — 
      returns the minimum value in an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mirror
                    
                     — 
      Reflects the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      MixerSetLevel
                    
                     — 
      Sets the level of a send to a buss.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      MixerSetLevel_i
                    
                     — 
      Sets the level of a send to a buss.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      MixerGetLevel
                    
                     — 
      Gets the level of a send to a buss.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      MixerSend
                    
                     — 
      Mixes an arate signal into a channel of a buss.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      MixerReceive
                    
                     — 
      Receives an arate signal from a channel of a buss.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      MixerClear
                    
                     — 
      Resets all channels of a buss to 0.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mode
                    
                     — 
      A filter that simulates a mass-spring-damper system
    
                  
- 
                    
                      modmatrix
                    
                     — 
      Modulation matrix opcode with optimizations for sparse matrices.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      monitor
                    
                     — 
      Returns the audio spout frame.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      moog
                    
                     — 
      An emulation of a mini-Moog synthesizer.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      moogladder
                    
                     — 
      Moog ladder lowpass filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      moogladder2
                    
                     — 
      Moog ladder lowpass filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      moogvcf
                    
                     — 
      A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      moogvcf2
                    
                     — 
      A digital emulation of the Moog diode ladder filter configuration.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      moscil
                    
                     — 
      Sends a stream of the MIDI notes.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mp3in
                    
                     — 
      Reads mono or stereo audio data from an external MP3 file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mp3len
                    
                     — 
      Returns the length of an MP3 sound file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mp3scal
                    
                     — 
      Phase-locked vocoder processing with onset detection/processing, 'tempo-scaling'.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mpulse
                    
                     — 
      Generates a set of impulses.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mrtmsg
                    
                     — 
      Send system real-time messages to the MIDI OUT port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ms2st
                    
                     — 
    Mid-Side to stereo Conversion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mtof
                    
                     — 
          Convert a midi to frequency
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mton
                    
                     — 
	  Convert midi note number to string note name
    
                  
- 
                    
                      multitap
                    
                     — 
      Multitap delay line implementation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mute
                    
                     — 
      Mutes/unmutes new instances of a given instrument.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      mvchpf
                    
                     — 
      Moog voltage-controlled highpass filter emulation. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mvclpf1
                    
                     — 
      Moog voltage-controlled lowpass filter emulation. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mvclpf2
                    
                     — 
      Moog voltage-controlled lowpass filter emulation. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mvclpf3
                    
                     — 
      Moog voltage-controlled lowpass filter emulation. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mvclpf4
                    
                     — 
      Moog voltage-controlled lowpass filter emulation. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mvmfilter
                    
                     — 
      A filter with pronounced resonance and controllable decay time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      mxadsr
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the classical ADSR envelope using the expsegr mechanism.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      nchnls
                    
                     — 
      Sets the number of channels of audio output.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      nchnls_hw
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of audio channels in the underlying hardware.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      nchnls_i
                    
                     — 
      Sets the number of channels of audio input.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      nestedap
                    
                     — 
      Three different nested all-pass filters.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      nlfilt
                    
                     — 
      A filter with a non-linear effect.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      nlfilt2
                    
                     — 
      A filter with a non-linear effect and blowup protection.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      noise
                    
                     — 
      A white noise generator with an IIR lowpass filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      noteoff
                    
                     — 
      Send a noteoff message to the MIDI OUT port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      noteon
                    
                     — 
      Send a noteon message to the MIDI OUT port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      noteondur2
                    
                     — 
      Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      noteondur
                    
                     — 
      Sends a noteon and a noteoff MIDI message both with the same channel, number and velocity.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      notnum
                    
                     — 
      Get a note number from a MIDI event.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      nreverb
                    
                     — 
      A reverberator consisting of 6 parallel comb-lowpass filters.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      nrpn
                    
                     — 
      Sends a Non-Registered Parameter Number to the MIDI OUT port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      nsamp
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of samples loaded into a stored function table number.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      nstance
                    
                     — 
      Schedules a new instrument instance, storing the instance handle in a variable.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ntom
                    
                     — 
      Convert note name to midi note number
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ntof
                    
                     — 
      Convert note name to frequency
    
                  
- 
                    
                      nstrnum
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of a named instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      nstrstr
                    
                     — 
      Returns the string of a named instr from its number.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ntrpol
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the weighted mean value of two input signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      octave
                    
                     — 
      Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of octaves.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      octcps
                    
                     — 
      Converts a cycles-per-second value to octave-point-decimal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      octmidi
                    
                     — 
      Get the note number, in octave-point-decimal units, of the current MIDI event.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      octmidib
                    
                     — 
      Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in octave-point-decimal.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      octmidinn
                    
                     — 
      Converts a Midi note number value to octave-point-decimal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      octpch
                    
                     — 
      Converts a pitch-class value to octave-point-decimal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      olabuffer
                    
                     — 
        Sum overlapping frames of audio as k-rate arrays and read as an audio signal
    
                  
- 
                    
                      opcode
                    
                     — 
      Defines the start of user-defined opcode block.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscbnk
                    
                     — 
      Mixes the output of any number of oscillators.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      oscil1
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by incremental sampling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscil1i
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by incremental sampling with linear interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscil3
                    
                     — 
      A simple oscillator with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscil
                    
                     — 
      A simple oscillator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscili
                    
                     — 
      A simple oscillator with linear interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscilikt
                    
                     — 
      A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      osciliktp
                    
                     — 
      A linearly interpolated oscillator that allows allows phase modulation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscilikts
                    
                     — 
      A linearly interpolated oscillator with sync status that allows changing the table number at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      osciln
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values at a user-defined frequency.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      oscils
                    
                     — 
      A simple, fast sine oscillator
          
                  
- 
                    
                      oscilx
                    
                     — 
      Same as the osciln opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSCbundle
                    
                     — 
      Sends data to other processes using the OSC protocol by packing
      messages in a bundle.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSCcount
                    
                     — 
      Gives the Count of OSC messages currently unread.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSCinit
                    
                     — 
      Start a listening process for OSC messages to a particular port.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      OSCinitM
                    
                     — 
      Start a listening process for multicast OSC messages to a particular port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSClisten
                    
                     — 
      Listen for OSC messages to a particular path.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSCraw
                    
                     — 
      Listen for all OSC messages at a given port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      OSCsend
                    
                     — 
      Sends data to other processes using the OSC protocol
    
                  
- 
                    
                      out32
                    
                     — 
      Writes 32-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      out
                    
                     — 
      Writes audio data to an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outall
                    
                     — 
      Replicates one audio data sream to multiple channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outc
                    
                     — 
      Writes audio data with an arbitrary number of channels to an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outch
                    
                     — 
      Writes multi-channel audio data, with user-controllable channels, to an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outh
                    
                     — 
      Writes 6-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outiat
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outic14
                    
                     — 
      Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outic
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI controller output at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outipat
                    
                     — 
      Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outipb
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outipc
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI program change messages at i-rate
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outkat
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outkc14
                    
                     — 
      Sends 14-bit MIDI controller output at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outkc
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI controller messages at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outkpat
                    
                     — 
      Sends polyphonic MIDI aftertouch messages at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outkpb
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI pitch-bend messages at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outkpc
                    
                     — 
      Sends MIDI program change messages at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outleta
                    
                     — 
      Sends an arate signal out from an instrument to a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outletf
                    
                     — 
      Sends a frate signal (fsig) out from an instrument to a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outletk
                    
                     — 
      Sends a krate signal out from an instrument to a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outletkid
                    
                     — 
      Sends a krate signal out from an instrument to a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outletv
                    
                     — 
      Sends an arate array signal out from an instrument to a named port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outo
                    
                     — 
      Writes 8-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outq1
                    
                     — 
      Writes samples to quad channel 1 of an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outq2
                    
                     — 
      Writes samples to quad channel 2 of an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outq3
                    
                     — 
      Writes samples to quad channel 3 of an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outq4
                    
                     — 
      Writes samples to quad channel 4 of an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outq
                    
                     — 
      Writes 4-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outrg
                    
                     — 
      Allow output to a range of adjacent audio channels on the audio output device
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outs1
                    
                     — 
      Writes samples to stereo channel 1 of an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outs2
                    
                     — 
      Writes samples to stereo channel 2 of an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outs
                    
                     — 
      Writes stereo audio data to an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outvalue
                    
                     — 
      Sends an i-rate or k-rate signal or string to a user-defined channel.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      outx
                    
                     — 
      Writes 16-channel audio data to an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      outz
                    
                     — 
      Writes multi-channel audio data from a ZAK array to an external device or stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      p5gconnect
                    
                     — 
      Reads data from a P5 Glove controller.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      p5gdata
                    
                     — 
      Reads data fields from an external P5 Glove.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      p
                    
                     — 
      Show the value in a given p-field.
  
                  
- 
                    
                      pan2
                    
                     — 
      Distribute an audio signal across two channels.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pan
                    
                     — 
      Distribute an audio signal amongst four channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pareq
                    
                     — 
      Implementation of Zoelzer's parametric equalizer filters.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      part2txt
                    
                     — 
     Write a text file containing partial tracks data
          
                  
- 
                    
                      partials
                    
                     — 
     Partial track spectral analysis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      partikkel
                    
                     — 
      Granular synthesizer with "per grain" control
      over many of its parameters.  Has a sync input to
      sychronize its internal grain scheduler clock to an external
      clock source.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      partikkelget
                    
                     —  Get mask index for a specific mask parameter of a running partikkel instance.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      partikkelset
                    
                     —  Set mask index for a specific mask parameter of a running partikkel instance.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      partikkelsync
                    
                     —  Outputs partikkel's grain
      scheduler clock pulse and phase to synchronize several instances of the partikkel
      opcode to the same clock source.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      passign
                    
                     — 
      Assigns a range of p-fields to ivariables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      paulstretch
                    
                     — 
      Extreme time-stretching algorithm by Nasca Octavian Paul.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pcauchy
                    
                     — 
      Cauchy distribution random number generator (positive values only).
                
                  
- 
                    
                      pchbend
                    
                     — 
      Get the current pitch-bend value for this channel.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pchmidi
                    
                     — 
      Get the note number of the current MIDI event, expressed in pitch-class units.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pchmidib
                    
                     — 
      Get the note number of the current MIDI event and modify it by the current pitch-bend value, express it in pitch-class units.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pchmidinn
                    
                     — 
      Converts a Midi note number value to octave point pitch-class units.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pchoct
                    
                     — 
      Converts an octave-point-decimal value to pitch-class.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pchtom
                    
                     — 
          Convert pch to midi note number
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pconvolve
                    
                     — 
      Convolution based on a uniformly partitioned overlap-save algorithm
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pcount
                    
                     — 
      Returns the number of pfields belonging to a note event.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pdclip
                    
                     — 
      Performs linear clipping on an audio signal or a phasor.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pdhalf
                    
                     — 
      Distorts a phasor for reading the two halves of a table at different rates.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pdhalfy
                    
                     — 
      Distorts a phasor for reading two unequal portions of a table in equal periods.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      peak
                    
                     — 
      Maintains the output equal to the highest absolute value received.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pgmassign
                    
                     — 
      Assigns an instrument number to a specified MIDI program.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      phaser1
                    
                     — 
      First-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      phaser2
                    
                     — 
      Second-order allpass filters arranged in a series.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      phasor
                    
                     — 
      Produce a normalized moving phase value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      phasorbnk
                    
                     — 
      Produce an arbitrary number of normalized moving phase values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      phs
                    
                     — 
    Obtains the phases of a complex-number array
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pindex
                    
                     — 
      Returns the value of a specified pfield.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pinker
                    
                     — 
      Generates pink noise.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pinkish
                    
                     — 
      Generates approximate pink noise.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pitch
                    
                     — 
      Tracks the pitch of a signal.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pitchamdf
                    
                     — 
      Follows the pitch of a signal based on the AMDF method.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      planet
                    
                     — 
      Simulates a planet orbiting in a binary star system.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      platerev
                    
                     — 
      Models the reverberation of a metal plate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      plltrack
                    
                     — 
      Tracks the pitch of a signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pluck
                    
                     — 
      Produces a naturally decaying plucked string or drum sound.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      poisson
                    
                     — 
      Poisson distribution random number generator (positive values only).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pol2rect
                    
                     — 
    Polar to rectangular format conversion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      polyaft
                    
                     —  
      Returns the polyphonic after-touch pressure of the selected note number.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      polynomial
                    
                     — 
      Efficiently evaluates a polynomial of arbitrary order.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      port
                    
                     — 
      Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      portk
                    
                     — 
      Applies portamento to a step-valued control signal.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      poscil3
                    
                     — 
      High precision oscillator with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      poscil
                    
                     — 
      High precision oscillator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pow
                    
                     — 
      Computes one argument to the power of another argument.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      powershape
                    
                     — 
      Waveshapes a signal by raising it to a variable exponent.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      powoftwo
                    
                     — 
      Performs a  power-of-two calculation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      prealloc
                    
                     — 
      Creates space for instruments but does not run them.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      prepiano
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tone similar to a piano string prepared in a Cageian fashion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      print
                    
                     — 
      Displays the values init (i-rate) variables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      printf
                    
                     — 
      printf-style formatted output
    
                  
- 
                    
                      printk2
                    
                     — 
      Prints a new value every time a control variable changes.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      printk
                    
                     — 
      Prints one k-rate value at specified intervals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      printks
                    
                     — 
      Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      printks2
                    
                     — 
      Prints a new value every time a control variable changes using a
      printf() style syntax. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      println
                    
                     — 
      Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax, appends a new line
    
                  
- 
                    
                      prints
                    
                     — 
      Prints at init-time using a printf() style syntax.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      printsk
                    
                     — 
      Prints at k-rate using a printf() style syntax.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      printarray
                    
                     — 
      Print the contents of an array
    
                  
- 
                    
                      product
                    
                     — 
      Multiplies any number of a-rate signals.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      product
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the product of an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pset
                    
                     — 
      Defines and initializes numeric arrays at orchestra load time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ptrack
                    
                     — 
      Tracks the pitch of a signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      puts
                    
                     — 
      Print a string constant or variable
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvadd
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a pvoc file and uses the data to perform additive synthesis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvbufread
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and makes the retrieved data available.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvcross
                    
                     — 
      Applies the amplitudes from one phase vocoder analysis file to the data from a second file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvinterp
                    
                     — 
      Interpolates between the amplitudes and frequencies of two phase vocoder analysis files.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvoc
                    
                     — 
      Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvread
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a phase vocoder analysis file and returns the frequency and amplitude from a single analysis channel or bin.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsadsyn
                    
                     — 
      Resynthesize using a fast oscillator-bank.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsanal
                    
                     — 
      Generate an fsig from a mono audio source ain, using phase vocoder overlap-add analysis. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsarp
                    
                     — 
      Arpeggiate the spectral components of a streaming pv signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbandp
                    
                     — 
      A band pass filter working in the spectral domain.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbandr
                    
                     — 
      A band reject filter working in the spectral domain.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbandwidth
                    
                     — 
      Calculate the spectral bandwidth of a signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbin
                    
                     — 
Obtain the amp and freq values off a PVS signal bin.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsblur
                    
                     — 
      Average the amp/freq time functions of each analysis channel for
    a specified time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbuffer
                    
                     — 
        This opcode creates and writes to a circular buffer for f-signals (streaming PV signals).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbufread
                    
                     — 
      This opcode reads a circular buffer of f-signals (streaming PV signals).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsbufread2
                    
                     — 
      This opcode reads a circular buffer of f-signals (streaming PV signals), with binwise additional delays.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvscale
                    
                     — 
      Scale the frequency components of a pv stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvscent
                    
                     — 
      Calculate the spectral centroid of a signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsceps
                    
                     — 
      Calculate the cepstrum of a pvs input, optionally liftering coefficients.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvscfs
                    
                     — 
    Cepstrum all-pole coefficient analysis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvscross
                    
                     — 
      Performs cross-synthesis between two source fsigs.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsdemix
                    
                     — 
      Spectral azimuth-based de-mixing of stereo sources.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsdiskin
                    
                     — 
      Read a selected channel from a PVOC-EX analysis file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsdisp
                    
                     — 
      Displays a PVS signal as an amplitude vs. freq graph.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsfilter
                    
                     — 
      Multiply amplitudes of a pvoc stream by those of a second
pvoc stream, with dynamic scaling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsfread
                    
                     — 
      Read a selected channel from a PVOC-EX analysis file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsfreeze
                    
                     — 
      Freeze the amplitude and frequency time functions of a pv stream according to a control-rate
      trigger.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsftr
                    
                     — 
      Reads amplitude and/or frequency data from function tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsftw
                    
                     — 
      Writes amplitude and/or frequency data to function tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsfwrite
                    
                     — 
 Write a fsig to a PVOCEX file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsgain
                    
                     — 
      Scale the amplitude of a pv stream.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvshift
                    
                     — 
      Shift the frequency components of a pv stream, stretching/compressing
      its spectrum.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsifd
                    
                     — 
     Instantaneous Frequency Distribution, magnitude and phase analysis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsinfo
                    
                     — 
      Get information from a PVOC-EX formatted source.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsinit
                    
                     — 
      Initialise a spectral (f) variable to zero.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsin
                    
                     — 
      Retrieve an fsig from the input software bus; a pvs equivalent to chani.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvslock
                    
                     — 
      Frequency lock an input fsig
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvslpc
                    
                     — 
    Streaming linear prediction analysis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsmaska
                    
                     — 
      Modify amplitudes using a function table, with dynamic scaling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsmix
                    
                     — 
      Mix 'seamlessly' two pv signals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsmorph
                    
                     — 
      Performs morphing (or interpolation) between two source fsigs.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsmooth
                    
                     — 
      Smooth the amplitude and frequency time functions of a pv stream using parallel 1st order
      lowpass IIR filters with time-varying cutoff frequency. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsout
                    
                     — 
      Write a fsig to the pvs output bus.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsosc
                    
                     — 
      PVS-based oscillator simulator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvspitch
                    
                     — 
      Track the pitch and amplitude of a PVS signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvstanal
                    
                     — 
Phase vocoder analysis processing with onset detection/processing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvstencil
                    
                     — 
      Transforms a pvoc stream according to a masking function table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvstrace
                    
                     — 
      Retain only the N loudest bins.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsvoc
                    
                     — 
      Combine the spectral envelope of one fsig with the excitation (frequencies) of another.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      pvsynth
                    
                     — 
      Resynthesise using a FFT overlap-add.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvswarp
                    
                     — 
      Warp the spectral envelope of a PVS signal
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pvs2tab
                    
                     — 
     Copies spectral data to k-rate arrays (or t-variables). Also known as pvs2array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pyassign Opcodes
                    
                     — Assign the value of the given Csound variable to a Python variable possibly destroying its previous content.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pycall Opcodes
                    
                     — Invoke the specified Python callable at
      k-time and i-time (i suffix), passing the given arguments. The call is
      perfomed in the global environment, and the result (the returning
      value) is copied into the Csound output variables specified. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pyeval Opcodes
                    
                     — Evaluate a generic Python expression and store the result in a Csound variable at k-time or i-time (i suffix).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pyexec Opcodes
                    
                     — Execute a script from a file at k-time or i-time (i suffix).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pyinit Opcodes
                    
                     — Initialize the Python interpreter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pyrun Opcodes
                    
                     — Run a Python statement or block of statements.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pwd
                    
                     — 
      Asks the underlying operating system for the current directory
      name as a string.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      qinf
                    
                     — 
      Questions whether the argument is a infinite number
    
                  
- 
                    
                      qnan
                    
                     — 
      Questions whether the argument is not a number
    
                  
- 
                    
                      r2c
                    
                     — 
    Real to complex format conversion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rand
                    
                     — 
      Generates a controlled random number series.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      randh
                    
                     — 
      Generates random numbers and holds them for a period of time.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      randi
                    
                     — 
      Generates a controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      random
                    
                     — 
      Generates a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      randomh
                    
                     — 
      Generates random numbers with a user-defined limit and holds them for a period of time. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      randomi
                    
                     — 
      Generates a user-controlled random number series with interpolation between each new number.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rbjeq
                    
                     — 
      Parametric equalizer and filter opcode with 7 filter types, based
      on algorithm by Robert Bristow-Johnson.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      readclock
                    
                     — 
      Reads the value of an internal clock.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      readf
                    
                     — 
      Read a line of text from an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readfi
                    
                     — 
      Read a line of text from an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readk
                    
                     — 
      Periodically reads an orchestra control-signal value from an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readk2
                    
                     — 
      Periodically reads two orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readk3
                    
                     — 
      Periodically reads three orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readk4
                    
                     — 
      Periodically reads four orchestra control-signal values from an external file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readscore
                    
                     — 
      Read, preprocess and schedule a score from an input string.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      readscratch
                    
                     — 
      returns a value stored in the instance of an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rect2pol
                    
                     — 
    Rectangular to polar format conversion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      reinit
                    
                     — 
      Suspends a performance while a special initialization pass is executed.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      release
                    
                     — 
      Indicates whether a note is in its “release” stage.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      remoteport
                    
                     — 
      Defines the port for use with the remote system.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      remove
                    
                     — 
      Removes the definition of an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      repluck
                    
                     — 
      Physical model of the plucked string.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      reshapearray
                    
                     — 
      Reshape an array, maintaining its capacity
    
                  
- 
                    
                      reson
                    
                     — 
      A second-order resonant filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      resonbnk
                    
                     — 
     A resonator filter bank.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      resonk
                    
                     — 
      A second-order resonant filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      resonr
                    
                     — 
      A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      resonx
                    
                     — 
      Emulates a stack of filters using the reson opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      resonxk
                    
                     — 
     Control signal resonant filter stack.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      resony
                    
                     — 
      A bank of second-order bandpass filters, connected in parallel.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      resonz
                    
                     — 
      A bandpass filter with variable frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      resyn
                    
                     — 
    Streaming partial track additive synthesis with cubic phase interpolation with
pitch control and support for timescale-modified input
          
                  
- 
                    
                      return
                    
                     — 
    Returns a value from an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      reverb
                    
                     — 
      Reverberates an input signal with a “natural room” frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      reverb2
                    
                     — 
      Same as the nreverb opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      reverbsc
                    
                     — 
      8 delay line stereo FDN reverb, based on work by Sean Costello
          
                  
- 
                    
                      rewindscore
                    
                     — 
      Rewinds the playback position of the current score performance.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rezzy
                    
                     — 
      A resonant low-pass filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rfft
                    
                     — 
      Fast Fourier Transform of a real-value array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rifft
                    
                     — 
     Complex-to-real Inverse Fast Fourier Transform.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rigoto
                    
                     — 
      Transfers control during a reinit pass.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      rireturn
                    
                     — 
      Terminates a reinit pass.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      rms
                    
                     — 
      Determines the root-mean-square amplitude of an audio signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rnd
                    
                     — 
      Returns a random number in a unipolar range at the rate given by the input argument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rndseed
                    
                     — 
      Sets the global rndseed value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rnd31
                    
                     — 
      31-bit bipolar random opcodes with controllable distribution.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      round
                    
                     — 
      Returns the integer value nearest to x
 ; if the fractional part of x is exactly 0.5, the direction of rounding
 is undefined and may depend on the host operating system and Csound version.
     
                  
- 
                    
                      rspline
                    
                     — 
      Generate random spline curves.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      rtclock
                    
                     — 
      Read the real time clock from the operating system.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      S
                    
                     — 
      Returns an S-type equivalent of an init-time or k-rate argument.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      s16b14
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 16 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      s32b14
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 32 different 14-bit MIDI control message numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      samphold
                    
                     — 
      Performs a sample-and-hold operation on its input.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sandpaper
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a sandpaper sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      scale
                    
                     — 
      Arbitrary signal scaling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      scale2
                    
                     — 
      Arbitrary signal scaling with optional smoothing.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      scalearray
                    
                     — 
      Scales the values in a range of a vector (one dimensional array).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      scanhammer
                    
                     — 
      Copies from one table to another with a gain control.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      scans
                    
                     — 
      Generate audio output using scanned synthesis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      scantable
                    
                     — 
      A simpler scanned synthesis implementation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      scanu
                    
                     — 
      Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      scanu2
                    
                     — 
      Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      schedkwhen
                    
                     — 
      Adds a new score event generated by a k-rate trigger.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      schedkwhennamed
                    
                     — 
      Similar to schedkwhen but uses a named instrument at init-time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      schedule
                    
                     — 
      Adds a new score event.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      schedulek
                    
                     — 
      Adds a new score event.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      schedwhen
                    
                     — 
      Adds a new score event.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      scoreline
                    
                     — 
      Issues one or more score line events from an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      scoreline_i
                    
                     — 
      Issues one or more score line events from an instrument at i-time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sc_lag
                    
                     — 
      Exponential Lag (DEPRECATED)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lag
                    
                     — 
      Exponential Lag
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sc_lagud
                    
                     — 
      Exponential Lag (Deprecated)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      lagud
                    
                     — 
      Exponential Lag
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sc_phasor
                    
                     — 
      A resettable linear ramp between two levels (renamed as trigphasor)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trigphasor
                    
                     — 
      A resettable linear ramp between two levels      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sc_trig
                    
                     — 
      Timed trigger (Replaced by trighold)
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trighold
                    
                     — 
      Timed trigger, holds a value for a given time
    
                  
- 
                    
                      seed
                    
                     — 
      Sets the global seed value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sekere
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a sekere sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      select
                    
                     — 
      Select sample value based on audio-rate comparisons.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      semitone
                    
                     — 
      Calculates a factor to raise/lower a frequency by a given amount of semitones.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sense
                    
                     — 
      Same as the sensekey opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sensekey
                    
                     — 
      Returns the ASCII code of a key that has been pressed.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialBegin
                    
                     — 
      Open a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialEnd
                    
                     — 
      Close a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialFlush
                    
                     — 
      Flush data from a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialPrint
                    
                     — 
      Print data from a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialRead
                    
                     — 
      Read data from a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialWrite_i
                    
                     — 
      Write data to a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      serialWrite
                    
                     — 
      Write data to a serial port.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      seqtime2
                    
                     — 
      Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      seqtime
                    
                     — 
      Generates a trigger signal according to the values stored in a table.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      setcol
                    
                     — 
     Sets a given column of a 2-dimensional array from a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      setctrl
                    
                     — 
      Configurable slider controls for realtime user input.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      setksmps
                    
                     — 
      Sets the local ksmps value in an instrument or user-defined opcode block
    
                  
- 
                    
                      setrow
                    
                     — 
     Sets a given row of a 2-dimensional array from a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      setscorepos
                    
                     — 
      Sets the playback position of the current score performance to a given position.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfilist
                    
                     — 
      Prints a list of all instruments of a previously loaded SoundFont2 (SF2) file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sfinstr3
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sfinstr3m
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sfinstr
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a stereo sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sfinstrm
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample instrument, generating a mono sound.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfload
                    
                     — 
      Loads an entire SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file into memory.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sflooper
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound, with user-defined
      time-varying crossfade looping.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfpassign
                    
                     — 
      Assigns all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to a sequence of progressive index numbers.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sfplay3
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfplay3m
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfplay
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a stereo sound.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfplaym
                    
                     — 
      Plays a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample preset, generating a mono sound.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sfplist
                    
                     — 
      Prints a list of all presets of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sfpreset
                    
                     — 
      Assigns an existing preset of a SoundFont2 (SF2) sample file to an index number.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      shaker
                    
                     — 
      Sounds like the shaking of a maraca or similar gourd instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      shiftin
                    
                     — 
     Shifts the contents of an audio variable into a 1-dimensional array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      shiftout
                    
                     — 
     Shifts the contents of a 1-dimensional array into an audio variable.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      signum
                    
                     — 
      Performs a signum function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sin
                    
                     — 
      Performs a sine function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sinh
                    
                     — 
      Performs a hyperbolic sine function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sininv
                    
                     — 
      Performs an arcsine function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sinsyn
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track additive synthesis with cubic phase interpolation 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      skf
                    
                     — 
  Sallen-Key filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sleighbells
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a sleighbell sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      slicearray
                    
                     — 
      Take a slice of a vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider16
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider16f
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider16table
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 16 different MIDI control messages to a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider16tablef
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 16 different MIDI control messages to a table, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider32
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider32f
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 32 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider32table
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 32 different MIDI control messages to a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider32tablef
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 32 different MIDI control messages to a table, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider64
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider64f
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 64 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider64table
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 64 different MIDI control messages to a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider64tablef
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 64 different MIDI control messages to a table, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider8
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider8f
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 8 different MIDI control message numbers, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider8table
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 8 different MIDI control messages to a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      slider8tablef
                    
                     — 
      Stores a bank of 8 different MIDI control messages to a table, filtered before output.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sliderKawai
                    
                     — 
      Creates a bank of 16 different MIDI control message numbers from a KAWAI MM-16 midi mixer.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sndloop
                    
                     — 
      A sound looper with pitch control.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sndwarp
                    
                     — 
      Reads a mono sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sndwarpst
                    
                     — 
      Reads a stereo sound sample from a table and applies time-stretching and/or pitch modification.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sockrecv
                    
                     — 
      Receives data from other processes using the low-level UDP or TCP protocols
    
                  
- 
                    
                      socksend
                    
                     — 
      Sends data to other processes using the low-level UDP or TCP protocols
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sorta
                    
                     — 
      Sorts an array in ascending order.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sortd
                    
                     — 
      Sorts an array in descending order.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      soundin
                    
                     — 
      Reads audio data from an external device or stream.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      space
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an input signal among 4 channels using cartesian coordinates.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      spat3d
                    
                     — 
      Positions the input sound in a 3D space and allows moving the sound at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      spat3di
                    
                     — 
      Positions the input sound in a 3D space with the sound source position set at i-time.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      spat3dt
                    
                     — 
      Can be used to render an impulse response for a 3D space at i-time.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      spdist
                    
                     — 
      Calculates distance values from xy coordinates.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      spf
                    
                     — 
   Steiner-Parker filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      splitrig
                    
                     — 
      Split a trigger signal
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sprintf
                    
                     — 
      printf-style formatted output to a string variable.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sprintfk
                    
                     — 
      printf-style formatted output to a string variable at k-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      spsend
                    
                     — 
      Generates output signals based on a previously defined space opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sqrt
                    
                     — 
      Returns a square root value.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      squinewave
                    
                     — 
      A mostly bandlimited shape-shifting square-pulse-saw-sinewave oscillator with hardsync.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sr
                    
                     — 
      Sets the audio sampling rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      st2ms
                    
                     — 
     Stereo to Mid-Side Conversion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      statevar
                    
                     — 
      State-variable filter.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sterrain
                    
                     — 
      A wave-terrain synthesis opcode using curves computed with the superformula
    
                  
- 
                    
                      stix
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a stick sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      STKBandedWG
                    
                     — 
      STKBandedWG uses banded waveguide techniques to model a variety of sounds.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKBeeThree
                    
                     — 
      STK Hammond-oid organ-like FM synthesis instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKBlowBotl
                    
                     — 
      STKBlowBotl uses a helmholtz resonator (biquad filter) with a polynomial jet excitation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKBlowHole
                    
                     — 
      STK clarinet physical model with one register hole and one tonehole. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKBowed
                    
                     — 
      STKBowed is a bowed string instrument.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKBrass
                    
                     — 
      STKBrass is a simple brass instrument.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKClarinet
                    
                     — 
      STKClarinet uses a simple clarinet physical model.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKDrummer
                    
                     — 
      STKDrummer is a drum sampling synthesizer.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKFlute
                    
                     — 
      STKFlute uses a simple flute physical model.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKFMVoices
                    
                     — 
      STKFMVoices is a singing FM synthesis instrument. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKHevyMetl
                    
                     — 
      STKHevyMetl produces metal sounds.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKMandolin
                    
                     — 
      STKMandolin produces mamdolin-like sounds.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKModalBar
                    
                     — 
      STKModalBar is a resonant bar instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKMoog
                    
                     — 
      STKMoog produces moog-like swept filter sounds.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKPercFlut
                    
                     — 
      STKPercFlut is a percussive flute FM synthesis instrument. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKPlucked
                    
                     — 
      STKPlucked uses a plucked string physical model.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKResonate
                    
                     — 
      STKResonate is a noise driven formant filter.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKRhodey
                    
                     — 
      STK Fender Rhodes-like electric piano FM synthesis instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKSaxofony
                    
                     — 
      STKSaxofony is a faux conical bore reed instrument.    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKShakers
                    
                     — 
      STKShakers is an instrument that simulates environmental sounds or collisions of multiple independent sound producing objects. 
                  
- 
                    
                      STKSimple
                    
                     — 
      STKSimple is a wavetable/noise instrument.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKSitar
                    
                     — 
      STKSitar uses a plucked string physical model.
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKStifKarp
                    
                     — 
      STKStifKarp is a plucked stiff string instrument. 
      
                  
- 
                    
                      STKTubeBell
                    
                     — 
      STKTubeBell is a  tubular bell (orchestral chime) FM synthesis instrument. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKVoicForm
                    
                     — 
      STKVoicForm is a  four formant synthesis instrument. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKWhistle
                    
                     — 
      STKWhistle produces whistle sounds.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      STKWurley
                    
                     — 
      STKWurley simulates a Wurlitzer electric piano FM synthesis instrument. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strchar
                    
                     — 
      Return the ASCII code of a character in a string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strchark
                    
                     — 
      Return the ASCII code of a character in a string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strcpy
                    
                     — 
      Assign value to a string variable
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strcpyk
                    
                     — 
      Assign value to a string variable (k-rate)
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strcat
                    
                     — 
      Concatenate strings
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strcatk
                    
                     — 
      Concatenate strings (k-rate)
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strcmp
                    
                     — 
      Compare strings
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strcmpk
                    
                     — 
      Compare strings
          
                  
- 
                    
                      streson
                    
                     — 
      A string resonator with variable fundamental frequency.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strfromurl
                    
                     — 
      Set string variable to value read from an URL
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strget
                    
                     — 
      Set string variable to value from strset table or string p-field
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strindex
                    
                     — 
      Return the position of the first occurence of a string in another string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strindexk
                    
                     — 
      Return the position of the first occurence of a string in another string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strlen
                    
                     — 
      Return the length of a string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strlenk
                    
                     — 
      Return the length of a string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strlower
                    
                     — 
      Convert a string to lower case
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strlowerk
                    
                     — 
      Convert a string to lower case
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strrindex
                    
                     — 
      Return the position of the last occurence of a string in another string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strrindexk
                    
                     — 
      Return the position of the last occurence of a string in another string
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strset
                    
                     — 
      Allows a string to be linked with a numeric value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strstrip
                    
                     — 
      Strip whitespace from string 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strsub
                    
                     — 
      Extract a substring
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strsubk
                    
                     — 
      Extract a substring
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strtod
                    
                     — 
      Converts a string to a float (i-rate).
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strtodk
                    
                     — 
      Converts a string to a float (k-rate).
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strtol
                    
                     — 
      Converts a string to a signed integer (i-rate).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strtolk
                    
                     — 
      Converts a string to a signed integer (k-rate).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      strupper
                    
                     — 
      Convert a string to upper case
          
                  
- 
                    
                      strupperk
                    
                     — 
      Convert a string to upper case
          
                  
- 
                    
                      subinstr
                    
                     — 
      Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      subinstrinit
                    
                     — 
      Creates and runs a numbered instrument instance at init-time.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sum
                    
                     — 
      Sums any number of a-rate signals, or array elements.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      sumarray
                    
                     — 
      returns the sum of the elements in an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      svfilter
                    
                     — 
      A resonant second order filter, with simultaneous lowpass, highpass and bandpass outputs.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      svn
                    
                     — 
     Non-linear state variable filter
    
                  
- 
                    
                      syncgrain
                    
                     — 
Synchronous granular synthesis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      syncloop
                    
                     — 
Synchronous granular synthesis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      syncphasor
                    
                     — 
      Produces a normalized moving phase value with sync input and output.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      system
                    
                     — 
      Call an external program via the system call
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tab
                    
                     — 
      Fast table opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tab_i
                    
                     — 
      Fast table opcodes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabw
                    
                     — 
      Fast table opcodes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabw_i
                    
                     — 
      Fast table opcodes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabifd
                    
                     — 
     Instantaneous Frequency Distribution, magnitude and phase analysis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      table
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by direct indexing.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      table3
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by direct indexing with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablecopy
                    
                     — 
      Simple, fast table copy opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tablefilter
                    
                     — 
      Filters a source table and writes result into a destination table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablefilteri
                    
                     — 
      Filters a source table and writes result into a destination table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablegpw
                    
                     — 
      Writes a table's guard point.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tablei
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by direct indexing with linear interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tableicopy
                    
                     — 
      Simple, fast table copy opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tableigpw
                    
                     — 
      Writes a table's guard point.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tableikt
                    
                     — 
      Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tableimix
                    
                     — 
      Mixes two tables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablekt
                    
                     — 
      Provides k-rate control over table numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablemix
                    
                     — 
      Mixes two tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tableng
                    
                     — 
      Interrogates a function table for length.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tablera
                    
                     — 
      Reads tables in sequential locations.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tableseg
                    
                     — 
      Creates a new function table by making linear segments between values in stored function tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tableshuffle
                    
                     — 
      shuffles the content of a function table so that each element of the source
      table is put into a different random position.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablew
                    
                     — 
      Change the contents of existing function tables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablewa
                    
                     — 
      Writes tables in sequential locations.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tablewkt
                    
                     — 
      Change the contents of existing function tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tablexkt
                    
                     — 
      Reads function tables with linear, cubic, or sinc interpolation.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tablexseg
                    
                     — 
      Creates a new function table by making exponential segments between values in stored function tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tabmorph
                    
                     — 
      Allow morphing between a set of tables.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabmorpha
                    
                     — 
      Allow morphing between a set of tables at audio rate with interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabmorphak
                    
                     — 
      Allow morphing between a set of tables at audio rate with interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabmorphi
                    
                     — 
      Allow morphing between a set of tables with interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabplay
                    
                     — 
      Playing-back control signals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabrec
                    
                     — 
      Recording of control signals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tabsum
                    
                     — 
      Adding values in a range of a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tab2array
                    
                     — 
      Copy a slice from an f-table to an array
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tab2pvs
                    
                     — 
     Copies spectral data from k-rate arrays (or t-variables.). Also known as pvsfromarray.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tambourine
                    
                     — 
      Semi-physical model of a tambourine sound.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tan
                    
                     — 
      Performs a tangent function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tanh
                    
                     — 
      Performs a hyperbolic tangent function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      taninv
                    
                     — 
      Performs an arctangent function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      taninv2
                    
                     — 
      Returns an arctangent.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tbvcf
                    
                     — 
       Models some of the filter characteristics of a Roland TB303 voltage-controlled filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tempest
                    
                     — 
      Estimate the tempo of beat patterns in a control signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tempo
                    
                     — 
      Apply tempo control to an uninterpreted score.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      temposcal
                    
                     — 
      Phase-locked vocoder processing with onset detection/processing, 'tempo-scaling'.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tempoval
                    
                     — 
      Reads the current value of the tempo.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tigoto
                    
                     — 
      Transfer control at i-time when a new note is being tied onto a previously held note
    
                  
- 
                    
                      timedseq
                    
                     — 
      Time Variant Sequencer
    
                  
- 
                    
                      timeinstk
                    
                     — 
      Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      timeinsts
                    
                     — 
      Read absolute time in seconds.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      timek
                    
                     — 
      Read absolute time in k-rate cycles.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      times
                    
                     — 
      Read absolute time in seconds.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      timout
                    
                     — 
      Conditional branch during p-time depending on elapsed note time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tival
                    
                     — 
       Puts the value of the instrument's internal “tie-in” flag into the named i-rate variable.
           
                  
- 
                    
                      tlineto
                    
                     — 
      Generate glissandos starting from a control signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tone
                    
                     — 
      A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tonek
                    
                     — 
      A first-order recursive low-pass filter with variable frequency response.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      tonex
                    
                     — 
      Emulates a stack of filters using the tone opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      trandom
                    
                     — 
     Generates a controlled pseudo-random number series between min and max values according to a trigger.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tradsyn
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track additive synthesis
    
                  
- 
                    
                      transeg
                    
                     — 
      Constructs a user-definable envelope.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      transegb
                    
                     — 
      Constructs a user-definable envelope in absolute time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      transegr
                    
                     — 
      Constructs a user-definable envelope with extended release segment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trcross
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track cross-synthesis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trfilter
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track filtering.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trhighest
                    
                     — 
      Extracts the highest-frequency track from a streaming track input signal. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trigexpseg
                    
                     — 
      Triggers a series of exponential segments between specified points.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      trigger
                    
                     — 
      Informs when a krate signal crosses a threshold.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      triglinseg
                    
                     — 
      Triggers a series of line segments between specified points.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trigseq
                    
                     — 
      Accepts a trigger signal as input and outputs a group of values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trim
                    
                     — 
      Adjust size o a one-dimensional array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trirand
                    
                     — 
      Triangular distribution random number generator
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trlowest
                    
                     — 
      Extracts the lowest-frequency track from a streaming track input signal. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trmix
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track mixing.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trscale
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track frequency scaling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trshift
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track frequency scaling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      trsplit
                    
                     — 
      Streaming partial track frequency splitting.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      turnoff
                    
                     — 
      Enables an instrument to turn itself off or to turn an instance of another instrument off. 
          
                  
- 
                    
                      turnoff2
                    
                     — 
      Turn off instance(s) of other instruments at performance time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      turnoff3
                    
                     — 
      Turn off instance(s) of other instruments at performance time in
      the queue of scheduled events.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      turnon
                    
                     — 
      Activate an instrument for an indefinite time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tvconv
                    
                     — 
      A time-varying convolution (FIR filter) opcode. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      unirand
                    
                     — 
      Uniform distribution random number generator (positive values only).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      until
                    
                     — 
      A syntactic looping construction.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      unwrap
                    
                     — 
    Applies a unwrapping operation to an array of phase values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      upsamp
                    
                     — 
      Modify a signal by up-sampling.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      urandom
                    
                     — 
      truly random opcodes with controllable range.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      urd
                    
                     — 
      A discrete user-defined-distribution random generator that can be used as a function.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vactrol
                    
                     — 
      Envelope follower unit generator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vadd
                    
                     — 
      Adds a scalar value to a vector in a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vadd_i
                    
                     — 
      Adds a scalar value to a vector in a table.
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vaddv
                    
                     — 
      Performs addition between two vectorial control signals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vaddv_i
                    
                     — 
     Performs addition between two vectorial control signals at init time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vaget
                    
                     — 
      Access values of the current buffer of an a-rate variable by indexing.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      valpass
                    
                     — 
      Variably reverberates an input signal with a flat frequency response.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vaset
                    
                     — 
      Write value of into the current buffer of an a-rate variable by index.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among many channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbapmove
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among many channels with moving virtual sources.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbapg
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the gains for a sound location between multiple channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbapgmove
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the gains for a sound location between multiple
      channels with moving virtual sources. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap16
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among 16 channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap16move
                    
                     — 
      Distribute an audio signal among 16 channels with moving virtual sources.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap4
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap4move
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among 4 channels with moving virtual sources.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap8
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbap8move
                    
                     — 
      Distributes an audio signal among 8 channels with moving virtual sources.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vbaplsinit
                    
                     — 
      Configures VBAP output according to loudspeaker parameters.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbapz
                    
                     — 
      Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vbapzmove
                    
                     — 
      Writes a multi-channel audio signal to a ZAK array with moving virtual sources.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vcella
                    
                     — 
    Cellular Automata
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vclpf
                    
                     — 
      Resonant 4pole linear lowpass filter
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vco
                    
                     — 
      Implementation of a band limited, analog modeled oscillator.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vco2
                    
                     — 
      Implementation of a band-limited oscillator using pre-calculated tables.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vco2ft
                    
                     — 
      Returns a table number at k-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vco2ift
                    
                     — 
      Returns a table number at i-time for a given oscillator frequency and wavform.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vco2init
                    
                     — 
      Calculates tables for use by vco2 opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vcomb
                    
                     — 
      Variably reverberates an input signal with a “colored” frequency response.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vcopy
                    
                     — 
      Copies between two vectorial control signals
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vcopy_i
                    
                     — 
      Copies a vector from one table to another.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelay
                    
                     — 
      An interpolating variable time delay.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelay3
                    
                     — 
      A variable time delay with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayx
                    
                     — 
      A variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayxq
                    
                     — 
      A 4-channel variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayxs
                    
                     — 
      A stereo variable delay opcode with high quality interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayxw
                    
                     — 
      Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayxwq
                    
                     — 
      Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayxws
                    
                     — 
      Variable delay opcodes with high quality interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdelayk
                    
                     — 
     k-rate variable time delay.
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdivv
                    
                     — 
       Performs division between two vectorial control signals
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vdivv_i
                    
                     — 
      Performs division between two vectorial control signals at init time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vecdelay
                    
                     — 
     Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      veloc
                    
                     — 
      Get the velocity from a MIDI event.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vexp
                    
                     — 
      Performs power-of operations between a vector and a scalar
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vexp_i
                    
                     — 
      Performs power-of operations between a vector and a scalar
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vexpseg
                    
                     — 
      Vectorial envelope generator
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vexpv
                    
                     — 
      Performs exponential operations between two vectorial control signals
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vexpv_i
                    
                     — 
      Performs exponential operations between two vectorial control signals at init time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vibes
                    
                     — 
      Physical model related to the striking of a metal block.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vibr
                    
                     — 
      Easier-to-use user-controllable vibrato.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vibrato
                    
                     — 
      Generates a natural-sounding user-controllable vibrato.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vincr
                    
                     — 
      Accumulates audio signals.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vlimit
                    
                     — 
     Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vlinseg
                    
                     — 
      Vectorial envelope generator
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vlowres
                    
                     — 
      A bank of filters in which the cutoff frequency can be separated under user control.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      vmap
                    
                     — 
      Maps elements from a vector according to indexes contained in another vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vmirror
                    
                     — 
     Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vmult
                    
                     — 
      Multiplies a vector in a table by a scalar value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vmult_i
                    
                     — 
      Multiplies a vector in a table by a scalar value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vmultv
                    
                     — 
      Performs mutiplication between two vectorial control signals
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vmultv_i
                    
                     — 
      Performs mutiplication between two vectorial control signals at init time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      voice
                    
                     — 
      An emulation of a human voice.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vosim
                    
                     — 
      Simple vocal simulation based on glottal pulses with formant characteristics.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vphaseseg
                    
                     — 
      Allows one-dimensional HVS (Hyper-Vectorial Synthesis).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vport
                    
                     — 
      Vectorial Control-rate Delay Paths
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vpow
                    
                     — 
      Raises each element of a vector to a scalar power.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vpow_i
                    
                     — 
     Raises each element of a vector to a scalar power
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vpowv
                    
                     — 
      Performs power-of operations between two vectorial control signals
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vpowv_i
                    
                     — 
      Performs power-of operations between two vectorial control signals at init time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vps
                    
                     — 
      Shapes a phase signal according to a two-dimensional vector.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vpvoc
                    
                     — 
      Implements signal reconstruction using an fft-based phase vocoder and an extra envelope.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vrandh
                    
                     — 
      Generates a vector of random numbers stored into a table, holding the values for a period of time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vrandi
                    
                     — 
      Generate a sort of 'vectorial band-limited noise'
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vsubv
                    
                     — 
      Performs subtraction between two vectorial control signals
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vsubv_i
                    
                     — 
      Performs subtraction between two vectorial control signals at init time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtable1k
                    
                     — 
     Read a vector (several scalars simultaneously) from a table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtablei
                    
                     — 
     Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtablek
                    
                     — 
     Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtablea
                    
                     — 
     Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtablewi
                    
                     — 
      Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtablewk
                    
                     — 
      Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtablewa
                    
                     — 
     Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtabi
                    
                     — 
      Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtabk
                    
                     — 
      Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtaba
                    
                     — 
      Read vectors (from tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtabwi
                    
                     — 
      Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtabwk
                    
                     — 
      Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vtabwa
                    
                     — 
      Write vectors (to tables -or arrays of vectors).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      vwrap
                    
                     — 
     Limiting and Wrapping Vectorial Signals
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      waveset
                    
                     — 
      A simple time stretch by repeating cycles.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      websocket
                    
                     — 
      Read and write signals and arrays using a websocket connection.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      weibull
                    
                     — 
      Weibull distribution random number generator (positive values only).
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wgbow
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tone similar to a bowed string.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      wgbowedbar
                    
                     — 
      A physical model of a bowed bar.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wgbrass
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tone related to a brass instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wgclar
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tone similar to a clarinet.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      wgflute
                    
                     — 
      Creates a tone similar to a flute.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      wgpluck
                    
                     — 
      A high fidelity simulation of a plucked string.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wgpluck2
                    
                     — 
      Physical model of the plucked string.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      wguide1
                    
                     — 
      A simple waveguide model consisting of one delay-line and one first-order lowpass filter.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      wguide2
                    
                     — 
      A model of beaten plate consisting of two parallel delay-lines and two first-order lowpass filters.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      while
                    
                     — 
      A syntactic looping construction.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wiiconnect
                    
                     — 
      Reads data from a number of external Nintendo Wiimote controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wiidata
                    
                     — 
      Reads data fields from a number of external Nintendo Wiimote controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wiirange
                    
                     — 
      Sets scaling and range limits for certain Wiimote fields.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wiisend
                    
                     — 
      Sends data to one of a number of external Nintendo Wiimote controllers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      window
                    
                     — 
    Applies a window to an array.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wrap
                    
                     — 
      Wraps-around the signal that exceeds the low and high thresholds.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      writescratch
                    
                     — 
      writes a value into the scratchpad of the instance of an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      wterrain
                    
                     — 
      A simple wave-terrain synthesis opcode.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      wterrain2
                    
                     — 
      A wave-terrain synthesis opcode using different curves
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xadsr
                    
                     — 
      Calculates the classical ADSR envelope.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xin
                    
                     — 
      Passes variables to a user-defined opcode block,
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xout
                    
                     — 
      Retrieves variables from a user-defined opcode block,
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xscanmap
                    
                     — 
      Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      xscansmap
                    
                     — 
      Allows the position and velocity of a node in a scanned process to be read.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xscans
                    
                     — 
      Fast scanned synthesis waveform and the wavetable generator.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xscanu
                    
                     — 
      Compute the waveform and the wavetable for use in scanned synthesis.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      xtratim
                    
                     — 
      Extend the duration of real-time generated events.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      xyin
                    
                     — 
      Sense the cursor position in an output window
          
                  
- 
                    
                      xyscale
                    
                     — 
          2D linear interpolation 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zacl
                    
                     — 
      Clears one or more variables in the za space.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zakinit
                    
                     — 
      Establishes zak space.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zamod
                    
                     — 
      Modulates one a-rate signal by a second one.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zar
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a location in za space at a-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zarg
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a location in za space at a-rate, adds some gain.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zaw
                    
                     — 
      Writes to a za variable at a-rate without mixing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zawm
                    
                     — 
      Writes to a za variable at a-rate with mixing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zdf_1pole
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of 1 pole filter. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zdf_1pole_mode
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of 1 pole filter with multimode output. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zdf_2pole
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of 2 pole filter. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zdf_2pole_mode
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of 2 pole filter with multimode output. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zdf_ladder
                    
                     — 
      Zero-delay feedback implementation of 4 pole ladder filter. 
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zfilter2
                    
                     — 
      Performs filtering using a transposed form-II digital filter lattice with radial pole-shearing and angular pole-warping.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      zir
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a location in zk space at i-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ziw
                    
                     — 
      Writes to a zk variable at i-rate without mixing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ziwm
                    
                     — 
      Writes to a zk variable to an i-rate variable with mixing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zkcl
                    
                     — 
      Clears one or more variables in the zk space.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zkmod
                    
                     — 
      Facilitates the modulation of one signal by another.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zkr
                    
                     — 
      Reads from a location in zk space at k-rate.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zkw
                    
                     — 
      Writes to a zk variable at k-rate without mixing.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      zkwm
                    
                     — 
      Writes to a zk variable at k-rate with mixing.
          
                  
 
- 
                
                  Score Statements and GEN Routines
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Score Statements
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      a Statement (or Advance Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Advance score time by a specified amount.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      b Statement
                    
                     — 
      This statement resets the clock.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      B Statement
                    
                     — 
      This statement adjusts the clock.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      C Statement
                    
                     — 
      This statement switches automatic carrying of arguments on or off.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      d Statement (De Note Statement)
                    
                     — 
      removes an active instrument at a specific time.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      e Statement
                    
                     — 
      This statement may be used to mark the end of the last section of the score.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      f Statement (or Function Table Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Causes a GEN subroutine to place values in a stored function table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      i Statement (Instrument or Note Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Makes an instrument active at a specific time and for a certain duration.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      m Statement (Mark Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Sets a named mark in the score.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      n Statement
                    
                     — 
      Repeats a section.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      q Statement
                    
                     — 
      This statement may be used to quiet an instrument.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      r Statement (Repeat Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Starts a repeated section.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      s Statement
                    
                     — 
      Marks the end of a section.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      t Statement (Tempo Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Sets the tempo.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      v Statement
                    
                     — 
      Provides for locally variable time warping of score events.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      x Statement
                    
                     — 
      Skip the rest of the current section.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      y Statement (or Seed Statement)
                    
                     — 
      Set seed for random numbers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      { Statement
                    
                     — 
      Begins a non-sectional, nestable loop.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      } Statement
                    
                     — 
      Ends a non-sectional, nestable loop.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN Routines
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN01
                    
                     — 
      Transfers data from a soundfile into a function table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN02
                    
                     — 
      Transfers data from immediate pfields into a function table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN03
                    
                     — 
      Generates a stored function table by evaluating a polynomial.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN04
                    
                     — 
      Generates a normalizing function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN05
                    
                     — 
      Constructs functions from segments of exponential curves.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN06
                    
                     — 
      Generates a function comprised of segments of cubic polynomials.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN07
                    
                     — 
      Constructs functions from segments of straight lines.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN08
                    
                     — 
      Generate a piecewise cubic spline curve.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN09
                    
                     — 
      Generate composite waveforms made up of weighted sums of simple sinusoids.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN10
                    
                     — 
      Generate composite waveforms made up of weighted sums of simple sinusoids.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN11
                    
                     — 
      Generates an additive set of cosine partials.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN12
                    
                     — 
      Generates the log of a modified Bessel function of the second kind.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN13
                    
                     — 
      Stores a polynomial whose coefficients derive from the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN14
                    
                     — 
      Stores a polynomial whose coefficients derive from Chebyshevs of the second kind.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN15
                    
                     — 
      Creates two tables of stored polynomial functions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN16
                    
                     — 
      Creates a table from a starting value to an ending value.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN17
                    
                     — 
      Creates a step function from given x-y pairs.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN18
                    
                     — 
      Writes composite waveforms made up of pre-existing waveforms.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN19
                    
                     — 
      Generate composite waveforms made up of weighted sums of simple sinusoids.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN20
                    
                     — 
      Generates functions of different windows.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN21
                    
                     — 
      Generates tables of different random distributions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN23
                    
                     — 
      Reads numeric values from a text file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN24
                    
                     — 
      Reads numeric values from another allocated function-table and rescales them.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN25
                    
                     — 
      Construct functions from segments of exponential curves in breakpoint fashion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN27
                    
                     — 
      Construct functions from segments of straight lines in breakpoint fashion.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN28
                    
                     — 
      Reads a text file which contains a time-tagged trajectory.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN30
                    
                     — 
      Generates harmonic partials by analyzing an existing table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN31
                    
                     — 
      Mixes any waveform specified in an existing table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN32
                    
                     — 
      Mixes any waveform, resampled with either FFT or linear interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN33
                    
                     — 
      Generate composite waveforms by mixing simple sinusoids.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN34
                    
                     — 
      Generate composite waveforms by mixing simple sinusoids.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN40
                    
                     — 
      Generates a random distribution using a distribution histogram.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN41
                    
                     — 
      Generates a random list of numerical pairs.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN42
                    
                     — 
      Generates a random distribution of discrete ranges of values.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN43
                    
                     — 
      Loads a PVOCEX file containing a PV analysis.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN44
                    
                     — 
      Generates a stiffness (connection) matrix for use in scanu/scanu2.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN49
                    
                     — 
      Transfers data from an MP3 soundfile into a function table.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN51
                    
                     — 
      This subroutine fills a table with a fully customized micro-tuning scale, in the manner of Csound opcodes cpstun, cpstuni and cpstmid.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN52
                    
                     — 
      Creates an interleaved multichannel table from the specified
	 source tables, in the format expected by the ftconv opcode.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN53
                    
                     — 
      Creates a linear-phase or minimum-phase impulse response table
      from a source table containing a frequency response or an
      impulse response.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENtanh
                    
                     — 
      Generate a table with values on the tanh function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENexp
                    
                     — 
      Generate a table with values on the exp function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENsone
                    
                     — 
      Generate a table with values of the sone function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENquadbezier
                    
                     — 
      Generate a table with values from a quadratic Bézier function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENfarey
                    
                     — 
      Fills a table with the Farey Sequence Fn of the integer n.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENwave
                    
                     — 
      Generates a compactly supported wavelet function.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      GENpadsynth
                    
                     — 
      Generate a sample table using the padsynth algorithm.
    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Experimental Orchestra Opcodes and GEN Routines
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Experimental Orchestra Opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      cudanal
                    
                     — 
      Generate an fsig from a mono audio source ain, using phase
      vocoder overlap-add analysis and GPU hardware. Experimental and
      only available as source code at the moment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cudasynth
                    
                     — 
      Synthesis by additive synthesis and inverse FFT. Experimental and
      only available as source code at the moment.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      cudasliding
                    
                     — 
      Perform sliding phase vocoder algorithm with simplified
      transformational FM using GPU hardware. Experimental and
      only available as source code at the moment.
    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Deprecated Orchestra Opcodes and GEN Routines
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Deprecated Orchestra Opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      abetarand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
      
    
                  
- 
                    
                      abexprnd
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      acauchy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      aexprand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      agauss
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      agogobel
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      alinrand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      apcauchy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      apoisson
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      apow
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      array
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      atrirand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      aunirand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      aweibull
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      bformdec
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated. Decodes an ambisonic B format signal.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      bformenc
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated. Codes a signal into the ambisonic B format.
     
                  
- 
                    
                      clock
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      fin
                    
                     — 
      Read signals from a file at a-rate.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      hrtfer
                    
                     — 
      Creates 3D audio for two speakers.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ibetarand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ibexprnd
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      icauchy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ictrl14
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ictrl21
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ictrl7
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      iexprand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      igauss
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ilinrand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      imidic14
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      imidic21
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      imidic7
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      instimek
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      instimes
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioff
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ion
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      iondur2
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      iondur
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioutat
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioutc14
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioutc
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioutpat
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioutpb
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ioutpc
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ipcauchy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ipoisson
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ipow
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      is16b14
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      is32b14
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      islider16
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      islider32
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      islider64
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      islider8
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      itablecopy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      itablegpw
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      itablemix
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      itablew
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      itrirand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      iunirand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      iweibull
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kbetarand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kbexprnd
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kcauchy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kdump2
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kdump3
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kdump4
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kdump
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kexprand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kfilter2
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kgauss
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      klinrand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kon
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      koutat
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      koutc14
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      koutc
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      koutpat
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      koutpb
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      koutpc
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kpcauchy
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kpoisson
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kpow
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kread2
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kread3
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kread4
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kread
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      ktableseg
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ktrirand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kunirand
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      kweibull
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      sndload
                    
                     — 
      Loads a sound file into memory for use by loscilx
    
                  
- 
                    
                      peakk
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      specaddm
                    
                     — 
      Perform a weighted add of two input spectra.
          
                  
- 
                    
                      specdiff
                    
                     — 
      Finds the positive difference values between consecutive spectral frames.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      specdisp
                    
                     — 
      Displays the magnitude values of the spectrum.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      specfilt
                    
                     — 
      Filters each channel of an input spectrum.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      spechist
                    
                     — 
      Accumulates the values of successive spectral frames.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      specptrk
                    
                     — 
      Estimates the pitch of the most prominent complex tone in the spectrum.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      specscal
                    
                     — 
      Scales an input spectral datablock with spectral envelopes.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      specsum
                    
                     — 
      Sums the magnitudes across all channels of the spectrum.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      spectrum
                    
                     — 
      Generate a constant-Q, exponentially-spaced DFT.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pop
                    
                     — 
      Pops values from the global stack.  Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      pop_f
                    
                     — 
      Pops an f-sig frame from the global stack.  Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ptable
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by direct indexing.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ptablei
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by direct indexing with linear interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ptable3
                    
                     — 
      Accesses table values by direct indexing with cubic interpolation.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      ptablew
                    
                     — 
      Change the contents of existing function tables of any length.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      push
                    
                     — 
      Pushes a value into the global stack.  Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      push_f
                    
                     — 
      Pushes an f-sig frame into the global stack.  Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      soundout
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated. Writes audio output to a disk file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      soundouts
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated. Writes audio output to a disk file.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      stack
                    
                     — 
      Initializes the stack.  Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tb
                    
                     — 
      Table Read Access inside expressions.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      tableiw
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
    
                  
- 
                    
                      Deprecated Gen Routines
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      GEN22
                    
                     — 
      Deprecated.
    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Historical and Abandonned Opcodes
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Loris Related Opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Loris Opcodes
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      lorismorph
                    
                     — Morphs two stored sets of bandwidth-enhanced partials
    and stores a new set of partials representing the morphed
    sound. The morph is performed by linearly interpolating the
    parameter envelopes (frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth, or
    noisiness) of the bandwidth-enhanced partials according to
    control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth morphing
    functions.    
                  
- 
                    
                      lorisplay
                    
                     — renders a stored set of bandwidth-enhanced partials using the method of Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Synthesis implemented in the Loris software, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and bandwidth scaling envelopes.
                  
- 
                    
                      lorisread
                    
                     — Imports a set of bandwidth-enhanced partials from a SDIF-format
    data file, applying control-rate frequency, amplitude, and
    bandwidth scaling envelopes, and stores the modified partials in
    memory.
           
                  
 
- 
                
                  The Utility Programs
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Directories.
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Soundfile Formats.
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      - 
                        
                          Analysis File Generation (ATSA, CVANAL, HETRO, LPANAL, PVANAL)
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          File Queries (SNDINFO)
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          File Conversion (HET_IMPORT, HET_EXPORT, PVLOOK, PV_EXPORT, PV_IMPORT, SDIF2AD, SRC_CONV)
                        
                      
- 
                        
                          Other Csound Utilities (CS, CSB64ENC, ENVEXT, EXTRACTOR,
  MAKECSD, MIXER, SCALE)
                        
                      
 
 
- 
                
                  Cscore
                
              
- 
                
                  - 
                    
                      Events, Lists, and Operations
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Writing a Cscore Control Program
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      Compiling a Cscore Program
                    
                  
- 
                    
                      More Advanced Examples
                    
                  
 
- 
                
                  Csbeats
                
              
 
- 
            
              IV. Opcode Quick Reference
            
          
- 
            
              - 
                
                  Opcode Quick Reference
                
              
 
- 
            
              A. List of examples
            
          
- 
            
              B. Pitch Conversion
            
          
- 
            
              C. Sound Intensity Values
            
          
- 
            
              D. Formant Values
            
          
- 
            
              E. Modal Frequency Ratios
            
          
- 
            
              F. Window Functions
            
          
- 
            
              Glossary